Friday, October 4, 2024

Summary and Critical Analysis of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

Summary of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway

The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea is a novella that tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream. Santiago has gone 84 days without catching a fish, earning him the reputation of being "salao" or extremely unlucky. Despite his bad luck, Santiago is determined to change his fortune and sets out alone on his skiff in search of a big catch.

On the 85th day, Santiago hooks a giant marlin, which becomes his most significant challenge yet. Over the course of three days and nights, Santiago battles the marlin, enduring immense physical and mental strain. The fish is strong and refuses to give up easily, towing Santiago’s skiff far from shore. Despite his age and weakened condition, Santiago admires the marlin’s strength and beauty, considering it a worthy opponent. He respects the fish, calling it his "brother," but is resolved to kill it to prove his worth as a fisherman.

After an exhausting struggle, Santiago finally manages to kill the marlin by driving a harpoon into its heart. He lashes the marlin to the side of his skiff and begins the journey back to shore, feeling victorious. However, his triumph is short-lived as sharks begin to attack the marlin, drawn by its blood. Despite Santiago’s best efforts to fend them off, the sharks devour the marlin, leaving behind only its skeleton.

Santiago returns to his village, physically broken but mentally undefeated. The marlin's skeleton, strapped to the side of his boat, is a testament to his struggle. While he returns without the meat of the fish, he has proven his skill, endurance, and spirit. The novella ends with Santiago falling into a deep sleep, dreaming of lions he once saw on the beaches of Africa, a recurring symbol of his youth and strength.

Critical Analysis of The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Sea is often hailed as Ernest Hemingway’s masterpiece, representing his minimalist style and his exploration of themes such as human endurance, isolation, and the relationship between man and nature.

At the heart of the novella is Santiago’s battle with the marlin, which serves as an allegory for the broader human condition. Santiago’s struggle is not merely against the fish but against the forces of nature, age, and his own limitations. Hemingway portrays Santiago as a man of unwavering determination, resilience, and dignity. Even though he fails to bring the marlin's meat back to shore, his struggle is portrayed as a noble effort that transcends the material reward. This reflects Hemingway's famous philosophy of grace under pressure, where success is defined not by outcomes but by the honor and courage shown in the face of adversity.

The novella is also steeped in Christian symbolism. Santiago’s three-day struggle can be seen as a parallel to Christ's suffering, with the marlin symbolizing a kind of salvation. The crucifixion-like imagery is reinforced when Santiago carries his mast on his shoulders, reminiscent of Christ carrying the cross. Santiago's wounds, his suffering, and ultimate return to his village echo themes of sacrifice and redemption.

Hemingway’s portrayal of the sea and the marlin emphasizes the natural world's grandeur and indifference. Santiago reveres the marlin as a noble creature, seeing it as his equal, even as he is forced to kill it. This respect for nature runs throughout the novella, with the sea acting as both a giver and a taker—providing Santiago with the marlin but also with the sharks that rob him of his prize. This duality speaks to the broader existential theme of man’s fight against an indifferent universe.

Moreover, The Old Man and the Sea delves into the loneliness of the human experience. Santiago is an old man, isolated from society, with only a young boy, Manolin, as his friend and disciple. His time at sea amplifies this solitude, and much of the novella takes place in Santiago's internal dialogue. His conversations with the fish and his memories of past glories reflect his need for connection, even in isolation.

In terms of style, Hemingway’s prose is spare and direct, yet deeply evocative. His "iceberg theory" of writing is on full display here, with much of the novella’s emotional weight lying beneath the surface. The straightforward language allows readers to focus on the underlying themes and symbolism without being distracted by ornate descriptions. This simplicity mirrors Santiago’s own way of life—humble, honest, and stripped of unnecessary embellishments.

In conclusion, The Old Man and the Sea is a profound meditation on the human spirit, resilience, and the eternal struggle between man and nature. Through Santiago’s epic battle, Hemingway explores the notions of heroism, pride, and existential perseverance, delivering a timeless story of grace in the face of overwhelming odds. While the novella may seem simple in its plot, its depth lies in its exploration of universal themes that resonate far beyond the story of one man and his fish.

  1. The Old Man and the Sea by Earnest Hemingway

What is a Good Book by John Ruskin - Critical Analysis, Summary, Q&A Solved

Summary/Critical Analysis of "What is a Good Book?" by John Ruskin

In "What is a Good Book?", John Ruskin differentiates between "books of the hour" and "books of all time." The former refers to temporary, often engaging but fleeting content, while the latter represents works of lasting significance. Ruskin believes that books should be written for permanence, not just for momentary communication. He asserts that a good book is the product of the author's deep understanding and insight, which stands the test of time. Ruskin emphasizes that reading a good book is not easy—it requires effort, as it often holds hidden wisdom that demands thoughtful reflection. He further underscores the importance of accuracy in language, advocating for a deep understanding of words down to their syllables and letters.


UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT(Q&A)

Q. What, according to Ruskin, are the limitations of the good book of the hour?

A. According to Ruskin, the limitations of the "good book of the hour" are that it serves only immediate purposes, like casual conversation, and lacks lasting value. Such books may be informative or entertaining, but they do not contribute to permanent knowledge and should not replace true, timeless books.

Q. What are the criteria that Ruskin feels that readers should fulfil to make themselves fit for the company of the Dead?

A. Ruskin believes that readers must rise to the level of the great minds of the past by putting in effort to understand their thoughts. Readers should not approach books expecting to find their own ideas but should learn from the wisdom of the authors. This requires a deep desire to be taught and the willingness to work hard to understand the author's message.

Q. Why does Ruskin feel that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task?

A. Ruskin feels that reading the work of a good author is a painstaking task because true wisdom is not easily given. The best authors embed their deeper thoughts in complex ways, requiring the reader to work diligently to uncover and understand them, much like a miner digging for gold.

Q. What is the emphasis placed by Ruskin on accuracy?
A. Ruskin places great emphasis on accuracy, stressing that a well-educated person should know the precise meaning and pronunciation of words. He believes that this attention to detail is essential for truly understanding a book and for effective communication. Inaccuracy in meaning, he argues, is far more detrimental than a mispronounced word.


TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT(Q&A)

Q. Discuss Ruskin’s insistence on looking intensely at words, and assuring oneself of meaning, syllable by syllable—nay, letter by letter.

A. Ruskin insists that readers should study words with great care, examining their meanings at the most detailed level. He believes that true understanding requires dissecting words down to their syllables and even letters, as this accuracy is the foundation of education and comprehension.

Q. Choice of diction is very crucial to the communication of meaning.

A. Ruskin argues that the choice of words, or diction, is critical because each word carries specific meanings and connotations. An accurate and thoughtful selection of words ensures that the intended message is conveyed clearly and effectively. Misuse or careless selection of words can distort meaning and weaken communication.


APPRECIATION

Q. The text is an excerpt from Sesame and Lilies, which consists of two essays, primarily, written for delivery as public lectures in 1864. Identify the features that fit the speech mode. Notice the sentence patterns.

A. The text exhibits several features of speech, including direct addresses to the audience ("you"), rhetorical questions, and a conversational tone. The sentence patterns are complex and balanced, often with a contrast between ideas. These features help convey the persuasive nature of the lecture, making it engaging for listeners.

Q. The lecture was delivered in 1864. What are the shifts in style and diction that make the language different from the way it is used today?

A. The language of Ruskin's time is more formal and elaborate than contemporary usage. Sentences are longer and more intricate, with multiple clauses and carefully balanced structures. Additionally, the diction includes archaic words and phrases that would not be commonly used today, reflecting the formal and public nature of the lecture.

Writing a Story and Diary Entry (100-120 words) - CBSE Board Exam - English - NCERT Solution

Writing a Story or Diary Entry (100-120 words)

CBSE Pattern | British English | Based on a Given Cue/Title

1. Writing a Story (100-120 words)

A story is a short narrative that usually includes characters, a setting, a conflict, and a resolution. For CBSE, students are expected to craft concise stories, focusing on the key elements of storytelling while keeping the word limit in mind.

Structure of a Story:
  1. Introduction: Start with a brief introduction to the characters and setting. It should capture the reader’s attention and provide a context for the story.
  2. Plot: Introduce the main event or problem that the story revolves around. This should be brief but engaging.
  3. Climax: Highlight the most exciting or tense moment of the story.
  4. Conclusion: Wrap up the story by resolving the conflict or problem, ending with a clear conclusion.
Guidelines for Writing a Story:
  • Be Brief: Keep the story concise but meaningful, adhering to the 100-120 word limit.
  • Focus on Key Elements: Include a simple plot with clear characterisation, avoiding unnecessary details.
  • Use Dialogue: If possible, add short dialogues to make the story engaging.
  • Stick to the Title/Cue: Make sure the story revolves around the given topic or title.
Example of a Story:

Title: A Brave Act

It was a stormy night when Riya heard a faint cry from outside. The streets were deserted, but curiosity got the better of her. She stepped out cautiously and followed the sound, only to find a kitten stuck in a drain. Without hesitation, Riya waded through the rainwater and carefully pulled the kitten to safety. Cold and wet, she returned home, her heart warm with pride. That night, she not only rescued a life but also discovered her own courage.


2. Writing a Diary Entry (100-120 words)

A diary entry is a personal reflection on events, thoughts, or experiences. It’s informal, written in the first person, and expresses the writer’s emotions about a particular day or moment.

Structure of a Diary Entry:
  1. Date and Salutation: Start with the date and address the entry with “Dear Diary.”
  2. Introduction: Briefly introduce the event or experience that you are reflecting on.
  3. Main Content: Describe your thoughts and feelings about the event. Reflect on what happened, how it made you feel, and any lessons you learned.
  4. Conclusion: End with a final thought or reflection, or an anticipation for the future.
Guidelines for Writing a Diary Entry:
  • Be Personal: A diary entry is meant to express personal emotions and reflections. Use “I” to convey your thoughts.
  • Focus on Feelings: Reflect on your emotions—whether happy, sad, excited, or frustrated.
  • Use Informal Language: Diary entries are informal, so feel free to write as you would speak.
  • Stay on Topic: Stick to the specific event or experience you are reflecting on.
Example of a Diary Entry:

Date: 3rd October 2024
Dear Diary,

Today was one of the most exciting days of my life! We had our annual science fair, and my project on solar energy won the first prize. I was nervous at first, but as soon as I explained my project to the judges, I felt more confident. They seemed really impressed. All the hard work finally paid off, and I couldn’t be prouder. Mum and Dad were so happy too! I can’t wait to show the certificate to my friends at school tomorrow. This day will remain one of my best memories.


Practice Exercise:

  1. Story Title: The Lost Key
    Write a short story in 100-120 words based on the title.

  2. Diary Entry Prompt: Write a diary entry describing a day when you faced a challenge and how you overcame it.

 

Writing a Descriptive Paragraph - Class 10 CBSE Board - Explained with Examples

Writing a Descriptive Paragraph (100-120 words)

CBSE Pattern | British English | Based on Visual or Verbal Cues

What is a Descriptive Paragraph?

A descriptive paragraph paints a picture in the reader's mind using words. It vividly describes a person, event, or situation by focusing on sensory details—what you see, hear, smell, touch, or taste. Descriptive writing should create an atmosphere that allows the reader to visualise the scene or person being described.

Structure of a Descriptive Paragraph

  1. Topic Sentence: Start with a sentence that introduces the subject (person, event, or situation) and gives the reader a general idea of what you're describing.

  2. Supporting Sentences: Add details to elaborate on your topic. Use adjectives, adverbs, and strong verbs to describe the appearance, feelings, or environment. Focus on at least two or three senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste).

  3. Concluding Sentence: Wrap up the paragraph with a sentence that summarises the overall impression or gives a personal reflection on the subject.

Guidelines for Writing

  • Stick to the Word Limit: Keep your description between 100-120 words.
  • Be Specific: Avoid vague descriptions. Use precise language to create a vivid picture.
  • Use Imagery: Think of how an artist paints using a variety of colours—describe your subject with rich details.
  • Stay Relevant: Focus on the subject. Avoid unnecessary information.

Example of a Descriptive Paragraph

Person
Viraj always stood out in a crowd with his towering height and deep, thoughtful eyes. His neatly combed hair and clean-shaven face gave him a sophisticated look. Dressed in simple yet elegant clothes, he moved with a calm, assured grace. Whenever he spoke, his voice carried a sense of wisdom that drew people towards him. Despite his reserved nature, there was a kindness in his smile that made everyone feel at ease.

Event
The annual sports day was nothing short of thrilling. The field was a sea of bright colours as students cheered for their teams. The whistle blew, and the race began, with runners dashing across the track. The excitement in the air was palpable as everyone shouted encouragement. The final lap saw a fierce competition, with Riya overtaking her opponents in a dramatic finish, claiming the gold.

Situation
As the sun set behind the mountains, a soft breeze carried the scent of pine through the air. The campsite was peaceful, with only the crackle of the fire breaking the silence. Sitting around the campfire, we shared stories, our faces illuminated by the dancing flames. The night sky, dotted with stars, felt infinite, making the moment feel both magical and serene.


Practice Exercise

Based on the cues provided by your teacher, write a descriptive paragraph (100-120 words) on the following topics:

  1. A person you admire.
  2. A family celebration you recently attended.
  3. A peaceful place you have visited.

Thursday, October 3, 2024

Glory at Twilight by Bhabani Bhattacharya - Explanation - Summary - Q&A Solved

Table of Content

Explanation and Analysis of 'Glory at Twilight'

Glory at Twilight

Glory at Twilight by Bhabani Bhattacharya is a story that revolves around Satyajit, a man who faces a steep fall from wealth to ruin, revealing the fragility of human pride and the struggle to maintain dignity in the face of adversity. The story explores the complexities of human character, highlighting themes such as pride, sacrifice, social expectation, and the pursuit of meaning.

Satyajit was once the managing director of a bank, having risen from a humble position as a clerk. His life had been a tale of success, built upon determination and, ironically, a forged cheque that brought him recognition within the banking world. His sudden rise in fortune, however, was met with an equally rapid collapse when the bank went under, leaving Satyajit with nothing but memories of his once-glorious life. His wife, away in Delhi, was unaware of the extent of his financial ruin, and Satyajit struggled to adapt to his reduced circumstances, rationing luxuries such as cigarettes and travelling in a lower-class train compartment.

The story picks up when Satyajit decides to attend the wedding of Srinath's daughter, Beena, in the village of Shantipur. Srinath, an old acquaintance from the village, relies on Satyajit for support, unaware of his current financial situation. In his days of prosperity, Satyajit had been generous, and Srinath expected him to continue that generosity for Beena’s wedding. Satyajit returns to the village, experiencing a mix of nostalgia and helplessness as he is treated like a hero by the villagers, who are unaware of his downfall. The village’s adulation provides Satyajit with a bittersweet feeling—he knows he no longer has the means to live up to their expectations but craves the sense of worth it provides.

At the wedding, Satyajit is put in a difficult position. Srinath requests a substantial cash contribution to cover a dowry demand that, if unmet, threatens to cancel the marriage. Satyajit, already financially drained, initially tries to contribute a smaller amount but ultimately agrees to mortgage his only remaining possessions—his ancestral house and fishpond—to the moneylender, Harish, to meet Srinath's request. This sacrifice, though it highlights his sense of duty to the community and his desire to uphold the expectations placed upon him, also leaves Satyajit empty, knowing he has given up everything, including his last ties to the past and dreams of providing for his newborn son.

The story portrays Satyajit as a complex character. On the one hand, he demonstrates generosity and an ability to sacrifice for others; on the other hand, he is driven by pride and the fear of losing his dignity in the eyes of the community. His sacrifices are not purely selfless—they are also attempts to hold on to an identity that has already slipped away. The grandeur of his past life contrasts sharply with his present circumstances, making his efforts seem tragic rather than heroic. The "glory" he seeks is one that no longer exists, and his actions reflect a desperate bid to reclaim a sense of significance, even as he loses his last material assets.

Ultimately, Glory at Twilight reflects on the vulnerability of pride and the difficulty of navigating societal expectations, especially when one's fortunes change dramatically. Satyajit's journey is one of internal conflict, a struggle between accepting his new reality and trying to live up to the image of his past success. His sacrifices may seem noble, but they are also rooted in the inability to let go of a self-image shaped by wealth and respect, illustrating the often painful clash between human desires and harsh realities.

Summary of the Story Glory at Twilight

"Glory at Twilight" by Bhabani Bhattacharya is the story of Satyajit, a man who once enjoyed wealth and social standing but has fallen on hard times. Satyajit, travelling to attend a village wedding, reflects on his former success and the current financial ruin that has left him struggling. His life took a drastic turn after the collapse of the bank he managed, and he is burdened with guilt for the people he let down, including his wife and his uncle, Srinath. Satyajit's visit to the village is met with high expectations, as his relatives still believe he is a wealthy man. Throughout the visit, he battles with feelings of being an impostor and struggles to hide his financial difficulties from his family. The story captures Satyajit’s internal conflict as he faces the consequences of his downfall while longing for the days of his past glory.

Understanding the Expressions in the story Glory at Twilight

  1. Brusquely: Quickly and abruptly.
  2. Queer rhythmic frenzy: An odd, repetitive and intense movement or state of agitation.
  3. Flush of prosperity: A period of sudden and abundant wealth.
  4. Attuned himself: Adjusted or became accustomed to a situation.
  5. Wrenching: Causing sudden and severe emotional pain.
  6. Daze of bewilderment: A state of being confused and disoriented.
  7. Wide-eyed wonder and eager homage: A look of amazement and admiration.
  8. Talking animatedly: Speaking energetically and with enthusiasm.
  9. Tremulous deliberation: Careful thought accompanied by nervousness.
  10. On terms of a perpetual feud: Being in constant conflict.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT(Q&A)

  1. Give reasons for the following:

    • a. Satyajit attending the village wedding:
      Satyajit attended the wedding to escape his struggles and find solace in the familiar environment of his village.

    • b. Satyajit’s recollection of the forger when he was on the train:
      He remembered the forger because it marked a turning point in his life, from a lowly clerk to a successful banker, contrasting with his present downfall.

    • c. Srinath and his family members’ eager expectation of Satyajit’s arrival:
      They expected him to continue his financial generosity, unaware of his current financial troubles.

    • d. Srinath’s disappointment with Satyajit:
      Srinath was disappointed because he expected Satyajit to provide a large sum of money for the wedding dowry, but Satyajit was unable to fulfil this expectation.

    • e. Satyajit’s feeling that he was an impostor:
      Satyajit felt like an impostor because his relatives still viewed him as a wealthy man, but in reality, he was bankrupt.

    • f. Satyajit not disclosing his present financial status to his uncle:
      He felt ashamed and did not want to disappoint his uncle, so he chose to keep his financial woes hidden.
  2. Describe the cycle of events in Satyajit’s life that brought him back to where he began: Satyajit started from a humble background and worked his way up to becoming a successful banker. However, his rapid rise to success ended in failure when his bank collapsed, leaving him penniless and forced to return to the simplicity of village life, much like where he began.

TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT(Q&A)

  1. It is difficult to adjust to a fall from glory: This can be discussed by highlighting how Satyajit struggles with his new reality and the expectations that others have of him, despite his financial ruin.
  2. ‘Failure had a tempo faster than success’: Failure came suddenly and overwhelmed Satyajit, contrasting with the slower, more deliberate pace of his earlier success.
  3. Satyajit should have revealed his predicament to his uncle: Honesty about his situation might have relieved some of Satyajit’s internal conflict and allowed his uncle to understand and support him.
  4. The author’s comment on crime and punishment: The forger's story reflects on how Satyajit viewed crime, initially condemning it, but later understanding the desperation behind it, which parallels his own moral struggles.

APPRECIATION

  1. How is Satyajit’s financial crash introduced to the reader?:
    It is introduced through Satyajit’s reflections while on the train, as he contemplates his rise to success and the sudden collapse of his bank, which left him financially devastated.

  2. Comment on the way in which the story is narrated from Satyajit’s perspective:
    The story is presented from Satyajit’s internal point of view, allowing readers to empathise with his emotional struggles and see the world through his troubled eyes.

  3. How has the author used the episode of the bank theft to comment on Satyajit’s success in his career?:
    The episode with the forger serves as the pivotal moment when Satyajit’s career took off, underscoring the irony that his success was built upon someone else’s failure.

  4. How do these lines capture the essence of the story?
    • ‘Glory was all overlaid with dark shame. Glory was dead.’: This line encapsulates the central theme of the story—how Satyajit’s former glory has been overshadowed by his shame and failure.
    • ‘… let him be wrapped a while in the lingering twilight splendour of departed glory’.: Satyajit yearns to hold onto the remnants of his past success, even though it has slipped away.

APPRECIATION (Long Answers)

  1. How is Satyajit’s financial crash introduced to the reader?

Satyajit’s financial downfall is introduced subtly and effectively through his inner reflections during a train journey. The reader is first made aware of his situation through his musings about the past and the abrupt shift in his fortunes. This technique allows the author to reveal the extent of Satyajit's financial ruin gradually, without an explicit announcement, creating a sense of impending doom. Satyajit recalls the events leading up to his downfall—the collapse of the bank he controlled, the loss of his private assets, and how all his wealth and status vanished almost overnight. The reader learns that Satyajit once lived a life of comfort, with a house, cars, and a sense of pride in his achievements, but the sudden crash left him penniless. The fact that Satyajit is rationing cigarettes and reflecting on selling his diamond ring to support his family further solidifies the depth of his financial despair. His predicament is contrasted with the expectations of those around him, who are still under the illusion that he remains a wealthy man. The crash is not just financial, but emotional, as Satyajit struggles to reconcile his past glory with his present shame.

  1. Comment on the way in which the story is narrated from Satyajit’s perspective.

The story is told from a third-person limited point of view, deeply centred on Satyajit's internal experience, which gives the narrative a reflective and introspective tone. By narrating the story from Satyajit’s perspective, the reader is given access to his thoughts, memories, and inner conflicts. This narrative style enables the reader to journey with Satyajit as he grapples with the stark contrast between his past successes and his current financial ruin. His reflections are coloured by regret, guilt, and a desire to cling to the remnants of his former glory, even as he struggles with the reality of his situation. The reader becomes acutely aware of his mental turmoil as he relives moments of his rise to success and confronts the circumstances of his fall. The narrative technique allows the audience to sympathise with Satyajit’s vulnerability, making his experiences more intimate and poignant. His pride, humiliation, and attempts to hide his predicament are portrayed in a way that allows the reader to understand the psychological weight of his situation.

  1. How has the author used the episode of the bank theft to comment on Satyajit’s success in his career?

The episode of the bank forgery serves as a symbolic turning point in Satyajit’s life, marking the moment when his rise to success truly began. Satyajit’s swift action in identifying and stopping the forger elevates him from an ordinary clerk to a figure of authority within the banking establishment. This moment, which involves Satyajit catching a forger trying to cash a fraudulent cheque, becomes the foundation of his career success. However, this episode also carries an underlying irony—Satyajit’s path to success was built upon someone else’s failure and desperation. The forger’s plight, driven by the need to save his wife, contrasts sharply with Satyajit’s later downfall, suggesting a cyclical nature to fortune and misfortune. The author uses this episode to highlight that success can sometimes be rooted in another's misfortune, and that Satyajit’s rise was as fragile as the forger’s desperate actions. In the end, Satyajit is left questioning the very foundation of his success, as his once-thriving banking empire collapses, leaving him to experience the failure that others, like the forger, once faced.

  1. How do these lines capture the essence of the story?

    • ‘Glory was all overlaid with dark shame. Glory was dead.’

    This line encapsulates the central theme of the story, which revolves around the rise and fall of Satyajit’s fortune and status. Satyajit’s former glory—his wealth, his success, his elevated social position—has been obliterated by his financial ruin, leaving only shame and failure in its wake. His past accomplishments no longer matter because they have been overshadowed by his present downfall. This statement reflects the story’s exploration of how quickly and irreversibly success can be lost and how one's sense of self can be eroded by failure. The line also captures Satyajit’s internal struggle to reconcile his past self with his current state, as he realises that his former glory is now meaningless, replaced by the harsh reality of his situation.

    • ‘… let him be wrapped a while in the lingering twilight splendour of departed glory’.

    This line beautifully illustrates Satyajit’s desire to cling to the last remnants of his past success, even though he knows it has slipped away. The “twilight splendour” refers to the fading glow of his previous achievements, which he can no longer claim but still longs to experience, even if only for a short time. It represents his unwillingness to fully confront the reality of his failure and his need to take refuge in the memories of his former glory. The phrase “departed glory” indicates that his success is truly in the past, yet Satyajit allows himself to indulge in the illusion of it for a brief moment, knowing that once he leaves the village, he will be forced to face his harsh new reality. This captures the bittersweet nature of Satyajit’s predicament, where he vacillates between accepting his downfall and yearning for the life he once had.

Multiple Choice Questions on Glory at Twilight

  1. What was Satyajit's position before the collapse of the bank?
    a) Clerk
    b) Accountant
    c) Managing Director
    d) Supervisor

  2. Why did Satyajit stop smoking?
    a) He wanted to lead a healthier lifestyle.
    b) He couldn't afford the luxury anymore.
    c) His wife asked him to stop.
    d) He ran out of cigarettes.

  3. How did Satyajit initially rise in the bank?
    a) Through a family connection
    b) By detecting a forged cheque
    c) By bribing a senior official
    d) Through a promotion examination

  4. What was Satyajit’s reaction when he detected the forged cheque?
    a) He ignored it.
    b) He informed the police.
    c) He showed pity on the forger.
    d) He took pride in his action.

  5. What did Satyajit sell to send money for the name-giving ceremony of his child?
    a) His car
    b) His house
    c) His diamond ring
    d) His watch

  6. How did the villagers receive Satyajit when he arrived at Shantipur?
    a) With indifference
    b) With contempt
    c) With great reverence
    d) With suspicion

  7. Why did Satyajit attend Beena's wedding?
    a) He wanted to show off his wealth.
    b) He wanted to meet Srinath.
    c) He felt obligated, having attended the weddings of Srinath's other daughters.
    d) He wanted to donate a large sum of money.

  8. What did Srinath ask Satyajit for during Beena’s wedding?
    a) To give a speech
    b) To give Rs. 2001/- for the dowry
    c) To mortgage his property
    d) To leave the wedding early

  9. What did Satyajit think of his ancestral house when he visited it?
    a) It gave him a feeling of security.
    b) It made him feel ashamed.
    c) He found it too small and unimportant.
    d) He planned to sell it.

  10. Why did Harish, the moneylender, agree to lend money for Beena's dowry?
    a) Out of respect for Satyajit
    b) He wanted to help the community
    c) He demanded Satyajit's house and fishpond as security
    d) Srinath promised to pay it back

  11. What was Satyajit's emotional state during the wedding?
    a) Joyful and relaxed
    b) Nervous and restless
    c) Proud and satisfied
    d) Bitter and resentful

  12. What was Satyajit's main motivation for agreeing to mortgage his property?
    a) To maintain his dignity in front of the villagers
    b) To show off his wealth
    c) To punish Harish
    d) To get rid of his house and fishpond

  13. Which of the following best describes Beena?
    a) Arrogant and rude
    b) Shy and graceful
    c) Stubborn and headstrong
    d) Talkative and mischievous

  14. What is the significance of the title Glory at Twilight?
    a) It suggests the fleeting nature of Satyajit’s past glory.
    b) It refers to the prosperity Satyajit still holds.
    c) It describes the beauty of the village at dusk.
    d) It symbolises a hopeful future for Satyajit.

  15. How did Satyajit feel about the villagers’ admiration of him?
    a) He felt overwhelmed and refused their gestures.
    b) He enjoyed it but felt it was undeserved.
    c) He ignored them completely.
    d) He was annoyed by their attention.

  16. What lesson does Satyajit learn by the end of the story?
    a) Wealth is the only thing that gives respect.
    b) Community and relationships are not important.
    c) Maintaining dignity is crucial even in difficult times.
    d) He should never have returned to Shantipur.

  17. Which character represents the harshness of societal expectations?
    a) Beena
    b) Srinath
    c) Harish, the moneylender
    d) Satyajit

  18. Why did Srinath think Satyajit could easily provide Rs. 2001/- for Beena's dowry?
    a) He believed Satyajit was still wealthy.
    b) Satyajit had promised it earlier.
    c) He had already mortgaged his house.
    d) The villagers pressured him.

  19. What is ironic about Satyajit's initial rise to success?
    a) It was due to his family's influence.
    b) His success came from detecting a forgery, yet he ended up losing everything.
    c) He never wanted to be promoted.
    d) His wealth did not improve his life.

  20. Which theme is most evident in the story?
    a) The pursuit of revenge
    b) The value of family traditions
    c) The tension between pride and sacrifice
    d) The futility of material wealth

Answer Key

  1. c) Managing Director
  2. b) He couldn't afford the luxury anymore.
  3. b) By detecting a forged cheque
  4. d) He took pride in his action.
  5. c) His diamond ring
  6. c) With great reverence
  7. c) He felt obligated, having attended the weddings of Srinath's other daughters.
  8. b) To give Rs. 2001/- for the dowry
  9. a) It gave him a feeling of security.
  10. c) He demanded Satyajit's house and fishpond as security
  11. b) Nervous and restless
  12. a) To maintain his dignity in front of the villagers
  13. b) Shy and graceful
  14. a) It suggests the fleeting nature of Satyajit’s past glory.
  15. b) He enjoyed it but felt it was undeserved.
  16. c) Maintaining dignity is crucial even in difficult times.
  17. c) Harish, the moneylender
  18. a) He believed Satyajit was still wealthy.
  19. b) His success came from detecting a forgery, yet he ended up losing everything.
  20. c) The tension between pride and sacrifice

Wednesday, October 2, 2024

A Legend of the Northland by Phoebe Cary - Summary Q&A Solved

 A Legend of the Northland

Summary of the Poem "A Legend of the Northland" (by Phoebe Cary)

A Legend of the Northland
The poem tells the story of an old lady who meets Saint Peter while he is preaching on Earth. Saint Peter, feeling weak from hunger, asks her for a cake. However, the lady, despite having enough dough, is too selfish to give him any. She bakes smaller and smaller cakes, but always finds them too big to part with. Angry at her greed, Saint Peter curses her, turning her into a woodpecker, condemning her to peck at wood for her food. The poem highlights the moral that greed and selfishness can lead to unfortunate consequences.

Literary Devices Used

  1. Rhyme Scheme: The poem follows an ABAB rhyme pattern, making it musical. For example, "snows" rhymes with "clothes" and "you" rhymes with "true."
  2. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds can be seen in phrases like "faint with fasting."
  3. Simile: The children in the Northland are described as looking "like bear’s cubs in their funny, furry clothes."
  4. Personification: The woodpecker is personified, originally being a woman who can think and feel.

Difficult Words

  • Northland: A cold, snowy region.
  • Legend: A traditional story passed down through generations.
  • Provoke: To make someone angry.
  • Scarlet: A bright red color.
  • Scanty: Barely enough.

Thinking about the Poem - Questions and Answers

I.

  1. Which country or countries do you think "the Northland" refers to?

    • The "Northland" likely refers to cold, northern countries like Norway, Sweden, or Canada, where winters are long and snowy.
  2. What did Saint Peter ask the old lady for? What was the lady’s reaction?

    • Saint Peter asked the old lady for a cake. The lady, although she had enough dough, was selfish and did not want to give him any cake, always finding them too big to give away.
  3. How did he punish her?

    • Saint Peter punished the lady by turning her into a woodpecker, forcing her to search for food by pecking wood.
  4. How does the woodpecker get her food?

    • The woodpecker gets her food by pecking at the wood of trees, symbolizing the punishment for her greed.
  5. Do you think that the old lady would have been so ungenerous if she had known who Saint Peter really was? What would she have done then?

    • If the old lady had known Saint Peter’s true identity, she might have been more generous, fearing the consequences of denying him food.
  6. Is this a true story? Which part of this poem do you feel is the most important?

    • No, this is not a true story; it is a legend meant to teach a moral. The most important part is when the lady’s greed leads to her transformation into a woodpecker.
  7. What is a legend? Why is this poem called a legend?

    • A legend is a traditional story that often carries a moral or lesson. This poem is called a legend because it narrates a fictional story with a moral lesson about greed.
  8. Write the story of ‘A Legend of the Northland’ in about ten sentences.

    • In the cold Northland, there lived an old lady who once met Saint Peter. Saint Peter, tired and hungry, asked her for a cake. The lady, despite having enough dough, was too selfish to share even a small cake. She made the cakes smaller and smaller, but always found them too large to give away. Angered by her greed, Saint Peter cursed her, turning her into a woodpecker. She was forced to peck at trees for food, living in the forest for the rest of her life. She retained her red cap, but the rest of her clothes were burnt black. To this day, people see the woodpecker as a reminder of this legend.

II.

  1. Find more rhyming words.

    • Words like “earth” and “hearth,” “done” and “one,” “flat” and “that” also rhyme within the poem.
  2. Find legends in your own language and share them.

    • This question encourages students to explore and present legends from their own culture, fostering a sense of connection between folk stories and moral lessons.

20 Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) on the poem 'A Legend of the Northland'

MCQs on "A Legend of the Northland"

1. Where is the Northland located, according to the poem?
a) In the east
b) In the tropics
c) In the northern snowy regions
d) Near the equator

2. What is the primary theme of the poem?
a) Bravery
b) Greed and selfishness
c) Kindness and compassion
d) Fear

3. What did Saint Peter ask the old woman for?
a) A glass of water
b) A piece of cake
c) Shelter for the night
d) Some wood for a fire

4. How did the old woman react when Saint Peter asked her for food?
a) She gave him a large cake
b) She refused to give him any food
c) She baked small cakes but found them too big to give
d) She gave him water instead

5. Why did Saint Peter punish the old woman?
a) She insulted him
b) She was rude to him
c) She was too selfish to share her cakes
d) She lied about her food

6. What form did the old woman take after Saint Peter's curse?
a) A reindeer
b) A crow
c) A woodpecker
d) A squirrel

7. What characteristic did the woman retain after being turned into a woodpecker?
a) Her scarlet cap
b) Her black dress
c) Her ability to bake cakes
d) Her speech

8. What lesson does the poem convey?
a) Always follow rules
b) Greed leads to punishment
c) Wealth brings happiness
d) Respect the elderly

9. What kind of poem is "A Legend of the Northland"?
a) A ballad
b) An epic
c) A sonnet
d) A haiku

10. Who wrote "A Legend of the Northland"?
a) William Wordsworth
b) Robert Frost
c) Phoebe Cary
d) Emily Dickinson

11. What does the reindeer symbolize in the poem?
a) Speed
b) The cold, snowy environment of the Northland
c) The people of the Northland
d) Strength

12. How does the poem describe the children of the Northland?
a) Like bears
b) Like angels
c) Like cubs in furry clothes
d) Like snowflakes

13. What moral lesson is highlighted in the transformation of the old woman?
a) Help others even when you are in need
b) Be wise in making decisions
c) Selfishness leads to unfortunate consequences
d) Share your wealth generously

14. What literary device is used in the line, “Where the children look like bear’s cubs”?
a) Simile
b) Metaphor
c) Alliteration
d) Personification

15. What was the lady doing when Saint Peter approached her?
a) Harvesting crops
b) Baking cakes
c) Knitting
d) Sewing clothes

16. Which lines from the poem tell us that the poet is skeptical about the truth of the story?
a) "Away, away in the Northland"
b) "They tell them a curious story — I don’t believe 'tis true"
c) "And still a smaller one"
d) "Now you shall build as the birds do"

17. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?
a) ABAB
b) AABB
c) ABCD
d) AAAA

18. What happened to the old woman’s clothes after she was transformed?
a) They turned into gold
b) They turned black like coal
c) They were left behind
d) They were burnt to ashes

19. What does the woodpecker do to get its food?
a) Flies and hunts insects
b) Borrows food from other birds
c) Bores into trees for insects
d) Builds a nest in trees

20. Why is this poem called "A Legend of the Northland"?
a) It tells a mythological story set in the Northland
b) It is based on a true story in the Northland
c) It describes the real events in history
d) It talks about historical events from the North


Answer Key:

  1. c) In the northern snowy regions
  2. b) Greed and selfishness
  3. b) A piece of cake
  4. c) She baked small cakes but found them too big to give
  5. c) She was too selfish to share her cakes
  6. c) A woodpecker
  7. a) Her scarlet cap
  8. b) Greed leads to punishment
  9. a) A ballad
  10. c) Phoebe Cary
  11. b) The cold, snowy environment of the Northland
  12. c) Like cubs in furry clothes
  13. c) Selfishness leads to unfortunate consequences
  14. a) Simile
  15. b) Baking cakes
  16. b) "They tell them a curious story — I don’t believe 'tis true"
  17. a) ABAB
  18. b) They turned black like coal
  19. c) Bores into trees for insects
  20. a) It tells a mythological story set in the Northland

30 MCQs on "Bholi" by K.A. Abbas Class 10 English NCERT Solution

MCQs - "Bholi" by K.A. Abbas with the Answer Key at the end.

  1. What was Bholi’s real name?

    • a) Champa
    • b) Sulekha
    • c) Radha
    • d) Mangla
  2. Why did everyone call her Bholi?

    • a) Because she was clever
    • b) Because she was a simpleton
    • c) Because she was beautiful
    • d) Because she was the eldest
  3. What happened to Bholi when she was ten months old?

    • a) She fell off the cot and hurt her head
    • b) She had a fever
    • c) She started speaking early
    • d) She was sent to school
  4. How did Bholi’s appearance change when she was two years old?

    • a) She had a fever
    • b) She had smallpox and her face was disfigured
    • c) She fell ill and became weak
    • d) She was sent to school
  5. What was the condition of Bholi’s speech?

    • a) She could speak fluently
    • b) She was mute
    • c) She stammered when speaking
    • d) She spoke in multiple languages
  6. What was Bholi’s family background?

    • a) They were wealthy city people
    • b) They were poor villagers
    • c) They were prosperous farmers
    • d) They were shopkeepers
  7. How many siblings did Bholi have?

    • a) Three
    • b) Four
    • c) Seven
    • d) Six
  8. Why was Bholi sent to school?

    • a) Her parents wanted her to study
    • b) The Tehsildar asked her father to set an example
    • c) Her mother insisted she go
    • d) Bholi herself wanted to study
  9. How did Bholi react when her father told her about school?

    • a) She was excited
    • b) She was scared
    • c) She was angry
    • d) She was indifferent
  10. Why was Bholi given new clothes for her first day at school?

  • a) Her parents wanted to celebrate
  • b) The teacher asked for it
  • c) To avoid embarrassment in front of others
  • d) Her mother insisted on it
  1. What fascinated Bholi at school during her first day?
  • a) The other children
  • b) The teacher’s voice
  • c) The colorful pictures on the walls
  • d) The headmistress’s speech
  1. How did Bholi’s teacher encourage her to speak?
  • a) By threatening her
  • b) By being kind and patient
  • c) By ignoring her stammering
  • d) By giving her gifts
  1. What promise did the teacher make to Bholi?
  • a) That she would marry a rich man
  • b) That she would be as learned as anyone in the village
  • c) That she would become the school headmistress
  • d) That she would never stammer again
  1. How did Bholi feel after her first day at school?
  • a) Sad and lonely
  • b) Confident and hopeful
  • c) Angry at her father
  • d) Scared of her teacher
  1. What proposal was made for Bholi’s marriage?
  • a) A young, handsome man from the city
  • b) An old, wealthy man named Bishamber
  • c) A teacher from her school
  • d) A poor farmer
  1. What was Bishamber’s reaction when he saw Bholi’s face?
  • a) He accepted her happily
  • b) He demanded a dowry
  • c) He rejected her immediately
  • d) He praised her beauty
  1. How did Bholi’s father respond to Bishamber’s dowry demand?
  • a) He refused to pay
  • b) He offered him two thousand rupees
  • c) He called off the marriage
  • d) He asked Bholi to reject the proposal
  1. What did Bholi do when Bishamber tried to marry her after receiving dowry?
  • a) She remained silent
  • b) She threw the garland into the fire
  • c) She cried and accepted her fate
  • d) She begged her father to stop the wedding
  1. What was Bholi’s main reason for rejecting Bishamber?
  • a) His age
  • b) His greed and lack of respect
  • c) His appearance
  • d) His wealth
  1. How did Bholi’s parents react to her rejection of the marriage?
  • a) They were proud of her
  • b) They were ashamed and disappointed
  • c) They supported her decision
  • d) They arranged another match
  1. How did the villagers react to Bholi’s actions at the wedding?
  • a) They praised her bravery
  • b) They called her shameless
  • c) They offered her help
  • d) They ignored her
  1. What future plans did Bholi have after rejecting the marriage?
  • a) To live alone
  • b) To become a teacher
  • c) To marry someone else
  • d) To work in her father’s farm
  1. What does the name "Bholi" mean?
  • a) Intelligent
  • b) Simpleton
  • c) Brave
  • d) Beautiful
  1. Why was Bholi called "Sulekha" at the end of the story?
  • a) To show her transformation into a confident woman
  • b) Because her parents changed her name
  • c) Because her teacher gave her a new name
  • d) To honor her marriage rejection
  1. What does Bholi’s rejection of Bishamber symbolize?
  • a) The victory of greed
  • b) The empowerment of women
  • c) The failure of marriage traditions
  • d) The importance of education
  1. What lesson does Bholi's story teach about social attitudes?
  • a) To follow traditions blindly
  • b) To break barriers of discrimination and fight for dignity
  • c) To always accept societal norms
  • d) To depend on others for self-worth
  1. How did Bholi’s family view her before she went to school?
  • a) As an intelligent girl
  • b) As a burden
  • c) As a future leader
  • d) As their pride
  1. How did Bholi’s teacher change her life?
  • a) By punishing her
  • b) By encouraging her to learn and overcome her fears
  • c) By arranging her marriage
  • d) By making her the head girl
  1. What is the primary theme of the story "Bholi"?
  • a) Greed and wealth
  • b) Education and self-respect
  • c) Love and sacrifice
  • d) Power and authority
  1. What does Bholi promise her father at the end of the story?
  • a) That she will take care of him in his old age
  • b) That she will find a better husband
  • c) That she will run away from home
  • d) That she will never go to school again

Answer Key:

  1. b
  2. b
  3. a
  4. b
  5. c
  6. c
  7. d
  8. b
  9. b
  10. c
  11. c
  12. b
  13. b
  14. b
  15. b
  16. b
  17. b
  18. b
  19. b
  20. b
  21. b
  22. b
  23. b
  24. a
  25. b
  26. b
  27. b
  28. b
  29. b
  30. a

Tuesday, October 1, 2024

Bholi by KA Abbas Summary Q&A Solved

Summary of "Bholi" by K.A. Abbas

Bholi, originally named Sulekha, was the youngest daughter of Ramlal, a prosperous farmer. An injury in her childhood left her mentally slow, and smallpox disfigured her face. She also struggled with a speech defect, which led to ridicule from her peers and neglect from her family. Unlike her siblings, Bholi was considered unintelligent and unattractive, leaving her future uncertain. Her parents, worried that she might never marry, decided to send her to school as a last resort.

At first, Bholi was terrified of going to school, associating it with rejection like the family cow that was sold. However, her experience at school proved transformative. Her teacher treated her with kindness and patience, helping her build confidence and overcome her speech impediment. Over time, Bholi blossomed into a confident young woman.

Years later, Bholi’s parents arranged her marriage to Bishamber, an older man who limped and had grown children. Though initially willing to marry him, Bholi rejected the match when Bishamber demanded a dowry upon seeing her face. In a moment of strength and clarity, she stood up for herself, refusing to marry a greedy and unkind man. In the end, Bholi decided she would stay with her parents and become a schoolteacher, embracing her newfound self-worth.


Answers to Questions

  1. Why is Bholi’s father worried about her?

    Bholi's father was worried because she was neither beautiful nor intelligent, and he feared that she would never get married.

  2. For what unusual reasons is Bholi sent to school?

    Bholi was sent to school because her parents thought that due to her appearance and perceived lack of intelligence, she had little chance of finding a husband. They believed schooling might be a way to care for her since marriage was unlikely.

  3. Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school?

    Initially, Bholi was scared on her first day at school, but her teacher's kindness made her feel safe and welcome. By the end of the day, she felt hopeful and excited about returning to school.

  4. Does she find her teacher different from the people at home? 

    Yes, Bholi finds her teacher different because she is kind and supportive, unlike her neglectful family.

  5. Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?

    Bholi’s parents accepted Bishamber’s proposal because they believed that despite his age and limp, Bholi was fortunate to marry a well-off man, especially since he initially demanded no dowry.

  6. Why does the marriage not take place? 

    The marriage did not take place because Bishamber demanded a dowry of five thousand rupees upon seeing Bholi's pockmarked face. Bholi, realizing his greed and lack of compassion, rejected the marriage.

  7. Why is Bholi called Sulekha again at the end of the story?

    Bholi is called Sulekha at the end of the story to signify her transformation. She had grown into a confident and independent woman, leaving behind the timid and fearful girl who was once called Bholi, meaning "simpleton."

Think About It (Q&A)

  1. Bholi had many apprehensions about going to school. What made her feel that she was going to a better place than her home?


    Bholi was initially frightened of going to school because she didn't understand what school was like. However, she began to feel she was going to a better place when she was given clean clothes to wear and bathed properly, something she had never experienced before. This special treatment made her believe that school might be a place better than her home, where she had always been neglected.

  2. How did Bholi’s teacher play an important role in changing the course of her life?

    Bholi’s teacher played a crucial role in transforming her life by showing her kindness, patience, and encouragement. The teacher helped Bholi overcome her fears and speech problems by making her feel confident and capable. She nurtured Bholi’s self-esteem and inspired her to continue her education, giving her the strength to stand up for herself later in life.

  3. Why did Bholi at first agree to an unequal match? Why did she later reject the marriage? What does this tell us about her?

    Bholi agreed to the unequal match with Bishamber initially out of a sense of duty to her family. She believed it was her responsibility to marry him to preserve her family's honor. However, when Bishamber demanded a dowry upon seeing her pockmarked face, she realized his greed and cruelty. She rejected the marriage, showing that she had gained the confidence to stand up for herself. This reveals her inner strength, self-respect, and newfound belief in her own worth.

  4. Bholi’s real name is Sulekha. We are told this right at the beginning. But only in the last but one paragraph of the story is Bholi called Sulekha again. Why do you think she is called Sulekha at that point in the story?

    Bholi is called Sulekha again at the end of the story to symbolize her transformation from a timid, insecure girl (Bholi, meaning "simpleton") to a confident, self-assured woman (Sulekha, her real name). The use of her real name at this point reflects her growth, maturity, and the realization of her true potential. It marks the completion of her journey from vulnerability to empowerment.
SHORT ANSWERS
  1. What made Bholi feel she was going to a better place than her home?
    Bholi felt she was going to a better place because she was bathed, given clean clothes, and treated specially, unlike at home where she was neglected.
  2. How did Bholi’s teacher change her life?
    Bholi’s teacher showed her kindness and encouraged her, helping her overcome her fears and stammer, building her confidence and self-respect.
  3. Why did Bholi agree to the marriage and later reject it?
    Bholi agreed to the marriage out of duty but rejected it when Bishamber demanded dowry, showing she had gained self-respect and independence.
  4. Why is Bholi called Sulekha at the end?
    She is called Sulekha at the end to symbolize her transformation into a confident and empowered person, shedding her old timid identity.

TALK ABOUT IT

Answer the following questions in simple and lucid language: 
  1. Bholi’s teacher helped her overcome social barriers by encouraging and motivating her. How do you think you can contribute towards changing the social attitudes illustrated in this story? 

    I can help change social attitudes by treating everyone with respect, encouraging those who are marginalized, and speaking out against discrimination.

  2. Should girls be aware of their rights, and assert them? Should girls and boys have the same rights, duties and privileges? What are some of the ways in which society treats them differently? When we speak of ‘human rights’, do we differentiate between girls’ rights and boys’ rights? 

    Yes, girls should know their rights and assert them. Both girls and boys should have the same rights, duties, and privileges. Society often treats them differently by limiting girls’ education and opportunities, and human rights should be the same for everyone without gender discrimination.

  3. Do you think the characters in the story were speaking to each other in English? If not, in which language were they speaking? (You can get clues from the names of the persons and the non English words used in the story.) 

    The characters were likely not speaking in English; they were probably speaking in Hindi or another regional language, as indicated by their names and cultural context.

The Proposal by Anton Chekhov - Summary, Q&A, Important Questions and MCQs

Summary of "The Proposal" by Anton Chekhov

"The Proposal" is a one-act farce that explores the comedic and absurd nature of courtship between the wealthy landowners Ivan Lomov and Natalya Stepanovna. Lomov visits Stepan Chubukov’s house to propose to his daughter, Natalya. However, instead of smoothly asking for her hand in marriage, they begin to argue over trivial matters like the ownership of Oxen Meadows and whose dog is better. These petty arguments escalate to the point where the proposal itself is almost forgotten. In the end, despite their endless bickering, Chubukov persuades them to get married, although they continue arguing even after their engagement is secured.

Answers to Questions

  1. What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere when he later says, "And I've always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son"?

    • Chubukov initially suspects that Lomov has come to borrow money. He is not entirely sincere when he later claims that he has always loved Lomov like his own son. His exaggerated reaction to Lomov's proposal, followed by the rapid change in his behavior when Lomov starts arguing with Natalya, shows that his affection is more tied to the material benefit of the marriage than genuine emotion.
  2. Chubukov says of Natalya: "...as if she won’t consent! She’s in love; egad, she’s like a lovesick cat..." Would you agree?

    • Yes, Chubukov's statement is partly true. Natalya’s reaction after learning that Lomov came to propose — she becomes extremely upset and demands that he be brought back immediately — suggests that she has feelings for Lomov, even if they are not overtly romantic. Her sudden switch from arguing with Lomov to eagerly accepting his proposal reflects emotional confusion, much like a "lovesick cat."
  3. (i) Find all the words and expressions in the play that the characters use to speak about each other, and the accusations and insults they hurl at each other.

    • Lomov calls Chubukov a "malicious, double-faced intriguer" and accuses him of being a "grabber." Chubukov, in turn, calls Lomov a "fool," a "pettifogger," and an "intriguer." Natalya and Lomov also insult each other, with Lomov claiming that Natalya’s dog, Squeezer, is "overshot" and a poor hunter, while Natalya calls Lomov’s dog, Guess, "old" and "ugly."

    (ii) Five adjectives to describe each character:

    • Lomov: Nervous, argumentative, insecure, excitable, indecisive.
    • Natalya: Stubborn, emotional, quarrelsome, passionate, prideful.
    • Chubukov: Manipulative, opportunistic, impatient, hypocritical, dramatic.

    (iii) What will they quarrel about next?

    • They are likely to quarrel about household matters, future decisions regarding their land or livestock, or continue bickering about trivial matters like their dogs, as their argumentative nature seems to be a core part of their personalities.

The Sermon at Benaras - First Flight - English - Class X - Q&A Solved

Table of Content

Story Summary: The Sermon at Benares

The story begins with Gautama Buddha, who lived as Prince Siddhartha Gautama before he became enlightened. After witnessing human suffering, he renounced his royal life in search of understanding. Upon gaining enlightenment, he shared his teachings through sermons, the first of which was delivered at Benares.

A woman named Kisa Gotami, stricken by grief over her only son’s death, sought medicine to bring him back to life. When the Buddha met her, he asked her to bring mustard seeds from a household that had never experienced death. As she searched, she realized that death had touched every family, and she could not find a household untouched by it. This led her to the understanding that death is inevitable and affects everyone.

The Buddha taught that life is short, filled with suffering, and that death is a part of life. He encouraged Kisa Gotami to stop grieving and instead seek peace by understanding this truth.

Questions and Answers:

  1. What does Kisa Gotami ask for when her son dies? Does she get it? Why not?

    • Kisa Gotami asks for medicine to bring her dead son back to life. However, she does not get it because no medicine can cure death. The people around her recognized that her son was dead and that nothing could revive him.
  2. What does Kisa Gotami ask for the second time, after speaking with the Buddha? Does she get it? Why not?

    • The second time, Kisa Gotami asks for mustard seeds from a household that has not experienced death. She does not get it because every house she visited had faced the death of a loved one. This taught her that death is a universal experience.
  3. What does Kisa Gotami understand the second time that she failed to understand the first time? Was this what the Buddha wanted her to understand?

    • The second time, Kisa Gotami understands that death is a natural part of life and affects everyone. This is exactly what the Buddha wanted her to realize—that her personal grief was not unique, and death is inevitable for all.
  4. Why do you think Kisa Gotami understood this only the second time? In what way did the Buddha change her understanding?

    • Kisa Gotami was blinded by her grief the first time and could not accept her son’s death. By sending her to gather mustard seeds from households untouched by death, the Buddha made her realize through experience that death spares no one. This practical journey opened her eyes to the truth.
  5. How do you usually understand the idea of ‘selfishness’? Do you agree with Kisa Gotami that she was being ‘selfish in her grief’?

    • Selfishness typically means thinking only of oneself. Kisa Gotami may have been selfish in her grief because she wanted her son back, ignoring the reality that death is unavoidable. Her grief focused on her personal loss rather than understanding that suffering is part of life for everyone.

Extract Based MCQs

1. Extract:
"Kisa Gotami repaired to the Buddha and cried, 'Lord and Master, give me the medicine that will cure my boy.' The Buddha answered, 'I want a handful of mustard-seed. And when the girl in her joy promised to procure it, the Buddha added, 'The mustard-seed must be taken from a house where no one has lost a child, husband, parent or friend.' "

MCQs:

  1. Who did Kisa Gotami approach to find a cure for her dead son?

    • a) A doctor
    • b) Her neighbors
    • c) The Buddha
    • d) A wise monk
  2. What did the Buddha ask Kisa Gotami to bring?

    • a) A special herb
    • b) A handful of mustard seeds
    • c) A magical potion
    • d) A piece of cloth
  3. What was the condition placed by the Buddha for the mustard seeds?

    • a) They must be freshly harvested
    • b) They must come from a holy place
    • c) They must come from a house where no one has ever died
    • d) They must be bought from the market

2. Extract:
"Poor Kisa Gotami now went from house to house, and the people pitied her and said, 'Here is mustard-seed; take it!' But when she asked, 'Did a son or daughter, a father or mother, die in your family?' they answered her, 'Alas! the living are few, but the dead are many.' "

MCQs:

  1. How did people react when Kisa Gotami asked for mustard seeds?

    • a) They ignored her
    • b) They pitied her and offered mustard seeds
    • c) They laughed at her request
    • d) They scolded her for asking
  2. What did Kisa Gotami inquire about in each house she visited?

    • a) If anyone had lost a loved one
    • b) If they had extra mustard seeds
    • c) If they knew a doctor
    • d) If they believed in the Buddha’s teachings
  3. What truth did the people reveal to Kisa Gotami about life and death?

    • a) No one ever dies
    • b) The dead are few
    • c) The living are few, but the dead are many
    • d) Everyone lives forever

3. Extract:
"Kisa Gotami became weary and hopeless, and sat down at the wayside watching the lights of the city, as they flickered up and were extinguished again. At last, the darkness of the night reigned everywhere."

MCQs:

  1. Why did Kisa Gotami feel weary and hopeless?

    • a) Because she was unable to find mustard seeds
    • b) Because she could not find a house without death
    • c) Because her son had fallen ill again
    • d) Because she could not meet the Buddha again
  2. What did Kisa Gotami observe as she sat by the wayside?

    • a) The rising sun
    • b) The lights of the city flickering and going out
    • c) The bustling market
    • d) The moon rising in the sky
  3. What is symbolized by the darkness that enveloped the city?

    • a) Life and hope
    • b) Death and the end of life
    • c) A new beginning
    • d) A bright future ahead

4. Extract:
"The Buddha said, 'The life of mortals in this world is troubled and brief and combined with pain. For there is not any means by which those that have been born can avoid dying; after reaching old age there is death.' "

MCQs:

  1. How does the Buddha describe the life of mortals?

    • a) Joyful and endless
    • b) Long and peaceful
    • c) Troubled, brief, and painful
    • d) Full of happiness and laughter
  2. According to the Buddha, what is inevitable for all living beings?

    • a) Happiness
    • b) Wealth
    • c) Death
    • d) Success
  3. What happens to mortals after they reach old age, as per the Buddha?

    • a) They live forever
    • b) They gain wisdom
    • c) They die
    • d) They become rich

5. Extract:
"He who seeks peace should draw out the arrow of lamentation, and complaint, and grief. He who has drawn out the arrow and has become composed will obtain peace of mind; he who has overcome all sorrow will become free from sorrow, and be blessed."

MCQs:

  1. What does the Buddha suggest one must do to find peace?

    • a) Seek wealth
    • b) Remove sorrow and grief
    • c) Meditate in solitude
    • d) Speak with monks
  2. According to the Buddha, what must one overcome to be free from sorrow?

    • a) Fear
    • b) Anger
    • c) Lamentation, complaint, and grief
    • d) Desire for success
  3. What is the result of drawing out the 'arrow of lamentation'?

    • a) Attaining peace of mind
    • b) Receiving enlightenment
    • c) Acquiring wealth
    • d) Gaining knowledge