CBSE English Grammar for Classes 9–12

EnglishNotes · Classes 9–12 Grammar Hub

English Grammar Rules, Examples and Practice Questions

A topic-wise English grammar resource for students of Classes 9–12, with special focus on Classes 10 and 12 board-exam preparation. Learn the rules, study examples and practise common question types. Students of Classes 9 and 11 can also use these guides to strengthen their foundations.

Classes 9–12Focus: Classes 10 and 12Rules and examplesPractice and revisionCBSE syllabus: 2026–27

CBSE Grammar Syllabus Checklist · 2026–27

Use these labels to prioritise revision. They reflect the official syllabus PDFs supplied for Class X English Language and Literature, Class XII English Core and Class XII English Elective. The syllabus wording and assessment approach differ by course.

Class X · English Language and Literature

Explicit syllabus topics

Determiners
Tenses
Modals
Subject–verb concord
Reported speech: statements, questions, commands and requests
Assessment through gap filling, editing and transformation exercises

Class XII · English Core

Grammar focus areas

Passive forms, particularly in scientific and innovative writing
Changing one kind of sentence or clause into another structure
Modal auxiliaries and their uses based on meaning
Deeper use of language items suggested for Classes IX–X

The supplied Core syllabus does not set out a separate Class XII grammar question section; these are stated as areas for particular attention.

Class XII · English Elective

Applied Grammar · 8 marks

Transformation of sentences

The syllabus specifies eight objective questions to be attempted out of ten.

Foundation topics · Class IX syllabus supplied

Supporting foundation

Sequence of tenses
Modal auxiliaries: ability, obligation, permission, possibility and advice
Reported speech: statements, questions, commands and requests
Conditional Clauses (Type 1)
Subject–verb concord
Determiners
Noun clauses and relative clauses
Editing and sentence transformation

Important: Class X topics listed above are explicitly named in the supplied syllabus. For Class XII Core, passive forms, sentence/clause restructuring and modal auxiliaries are syllabus focus areas; for Class XII Elective, the specified Applied Grammar task is sentence transformation. Other guides on this page are useful for broader grammar practice but are not all individually named in these Class X/XII syllabus sections.

English Grammar for Classes 9–12

Begin with the topic tested in your class or syllabus. These guides cover grammar concepts useful across secondary and senior-secondary English. The syllabus checklist below distinguishes topics explicitly named for Class X and Class XII from broader supporting guides.

Start here for exam revision

Revise the grammar topic you need

Use the topic guides and practice sets below for tenses, determiners, modals, voice, reported speech and sentence structure. For Classes 10 and 12, prioritise the topics and question formats listed in your current board syllabus.

Recently Added Exam Practice and Class-Specific Guides

These resources were already available on EnglishNotes.in but were not linked prominently from this hub. Use the guide for your class, then attempt the relevant practice set.

Class XI English Grammar 2026–27

A comprehensive guide to tenses, clauses, gap filling, sentence reordering and transformation.

Class XI Core

15 Editing and Omission Passages

Interactive Class X practice with feedback and an answer key.

Class X

60 Gap-Filling Questions: Tenses and Clauses

A focused practice set for tense and clause-based gap filling.

Class XI Core

Sentence Structure in English Grammar

Read the explanation before attempting the linked simple, compound and complex sentence quiz.

Foundation guide

1. Core Grammar: Rules and Examples

Start with the building blocks of accurate English sentences.

Determiners Class X · Class IX

Learn how determiners specify nouns and express quantity, possession and reference.

50 MCQs on Determiners Practice

Tenses Class X · Class IX

Review tense forms, uses and examples for describing time and actions.

Tenses: Practice Questions Practice

Subject–Verb Concord Class X · Class IX

Understand how subjects and verbs agree in number and person.

Adverbs

Learn types of adverbs and how they modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

Modals Class X · Class XII Core

Understand ability, possibility, permission, obligation and advice.

Modals: Practice Questions Practice

Prepositions General guide

Practise relationships of time, place, direction and other connections.

2. Verbs, Verb Forms and Reported Speech

Build confidence with verb patterns and common sentence transformations.

Non-finite Verbs: Infinitives and Participles General guide

Learn how non-finite verb forms work in sentences.

Non-finite Verbs: Practice Questions Practice

Active and Passive Voice Class XII Core focus

Understand how to change sentence focus while preserving meaning.

Reported Speech: Direct and Indirect Speech Class X · Class IX

Learn reporting statements, questions and other utterances.

3. Clauses, Connectors and Sentence Structure

Explore how words, phrases and clauses combine to make clear, varied sentences.

Relative Clauses Class IX foundation

Learn how relative words connect information to nouns and pronouns.

Noun Clauses Class IX foundation

Learn how noun clauses function as subjects, objects and complements, with rules, examples and practice exercises.

Connectors General guide

Learn how to link ideas and show contrast, reason, result and sequence.

Dedicated guide coming soon

Conditional Sentences: Type 1 Class IX · Type 1

Learn Type 1 conditional sentence patterns with rules, examples and practice exercises with answers.

Sentence Structure Class IX foundation

Identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences.

20 MCQs: Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences Practice

Sentence Reordering and Transformation Class X · Class XII Elective

Practise arranging words and changing sentence structures without changing meaning. For Class XII Elective, sentence transformation is the specified Applied Grammar task; Class X assesses grammar through gap filling, editing and transformation.

A dedicated guide is still needed; use the existing Class XI grammar guide for introductory practice.

Related Class XI grammar guide

4. Advanced Grammar and Word Structure

Develop precision, variety and awareness of how English is organised.

Comparison General guide

Study comparative and superlative forms and structures used to compare people, things and ideas.

Dedicated guide coming soon

Avoiding Repetition: Substitution and Omission General guide

Make writing more concise by avoiding unnecessary repetition.

Dedicated guide coming soon

Nominalisation General guide

Learn how verbs and adjectives can be expressed as nouns, especially in formal writing.

Dedicated guide coming soon

Syllables in English General language guide

Learn to recognise syllables and understand word structure.

5. Grammar Practice Questions and Revision

Use these exercises after reviewing the relevant rules. For best results, attempt each question before checking the answer.

Study tip: Learn the rule, read the examples, attempt the practice set without looking at the answers, and review each mistake before moving to the next topic.