CBSE Class 12 Letter Writing: Format, Marking Scheme, Samples - Complete Guide

3. Mastering Letter Writing (CBSE Class 12)

Letter writing is a 5-mark question that tests your ability to be formal, precise, and well-organized. You will be asked to write one of two types, within a 120-150 word limit.
• Letter for a Job: You write a cover letter for a job and attach a detailed Bio-Data or Resume.
• Letter to the Editor: You write to a newspaper to highlight a public issue or offer suggestions.

Marking Scheme (5 Marks)

• Format: 1 Mark (Sender's/Receiver's Address, Date, Subject, Salutation, Subscription)
• Organisation of Ideas: 1 Mark (Flow, clarity, and division of paragraphs)
• Content: 2 Marks (Relevance, covering all aspects of the question)
• Accuracy: 1 Mark (Spelling and Grammar)

Formats

The format is crucial. Note the key differences between the two types.

1. Letter to the Editor

Sender's Address (e.g., 12, MG Road, Delhi) [Leave a line] Date (e.g., 7 November 2025) [Leave a line] The Editor The Times of India New Delhi [Leave a line] Subject: (Clear and concise, e.g., "Poor maintenance of public park") [Leave a line] Sir/Madam, [Leave a line] (Para 1) Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities to... (introduce the problem). [Leave a line] (Para 2) Explain the problem, its causes, and its effects on the public. (e.g., park is full of litter, lights are broken, it has become a haven for anti-social elements...). [Leave a line] (Para 3) Offer suggestions for improvement. Request the authorities to take action. (e.g., The RWA has complained, but no action... authorities should install new lights, deploy security...). [Leave a line] Yours truly, (Signature) Your Name (A concerned citizen / Resident)

2. Job Application (Cover Letter)

Sender's Address (e.g., 45, Sector 10, Noida) [Leave a line] Date (e.g., 7 November 2025) [Leave a line] The Manager (or Principal, etc.) Name of Organisation Address [Leave a line] Subject: Application for the post of (Job Title) [Leave a line] Sir/Madam, [Leave a line] (Para 1) This is in response to your advertisement in 'The Hindu' dated '5th Nov 2025' for the post of (Job Title). I wish to offer my candidature. [Leave a line] (Para 2) I am well-qualified for the post. I have (mention key qualification/experience). I am hardworking, sincere, and (mention a key skill). [Leave a line] (Para 3) I am enclosing my detailed Bio-Data for your perusal. If given a chance, I assure you I will work to the best of my ability. I am available for an interview at your convenience. [Leave a line] Yours faithfully, (Signature) Your Name Encl: Bio-Data / Resume

3. Format for Bio-Data / Resume

BIO-DATA

1. PERSONAL DETAILS: • Name: • Father's Name: • Date of Birth: • Address: • Phone: • Email: 2. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS:

Exam	Board/University	Year	% Marks
M.Com	Delhi University	2024	75%
B.Com	Delhi University	2022	88%
CBSE (XII)	CBSE	2019	95%

3. WORK EXPERIENCE: • Worked as 'Junior Accountant' at ABC Ltd. for 2 years (2022-2024). 4. SKILLS: • Proficient in Tally, MS Office, and GST filing. 5. REFERENCES: 1. Dr. R. K. Jain, HOD, ABC College, Delhi 2. Mr. S. Kumar, Manager, ABC Ltd., Delhi

You are Aman/Amrita of 15, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. You have seen an advertisement in 'The Times of India' for the post of 'Marketing Executive' at HCL Ltd. Apply for the post, providing your detailed Bio-Data.

15, Vasant Kunj New Delhi 7 November 2025 The HR Manager HCL Ltd. Sector 126, Noida Subject: Application for the post of Marketing Executive Sir/Madam, This is in response to your advertisement in 'The Times of India' dated 5th November 2025, for the post of Marketing Executive. I wish to offer my candidature for the same. I hold an MBA in Marketing from FMS, Delhi, and have 2 years of work experience in a similar role at a reputable firm. I am dynamic, target-oriented, and possess excellent communication skills. I believe my qualifications and experience align perfectly with your requirements. I am enclosing my detailed bio-data for your kind perusal. I am available for an interview on any date as per your convenience. Thank you. Yours faithfully, (Signature) AMAN VERMA Encl: Bio-Data

BIO-DATA

1. PERSONAL DETAILS: • Name: Aman Verma • Father's Name: Mr. R. K. Verma • Date of Birth: 10th July 1999 • Address: 15, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi • Phone: 98xxxxxx00 • Email: [email protected] 2. EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS:

Exam	Board/University	Year	% Marks
MBA (Marketing)	FMS, Delhi	2023	8.5 CGPA
BBA	Delhi University	2021	92%
CBSE (XII)	CBSE	2018	96%

3. WORK EXPERIENCE: • Marketing Associate at Wipro Ltd. (2023-Present). 4. SKILLS: • Proficient in Digital Marketing, SEO, and Salesforce. 5. REFERENCES: 1. Dr. P. Sharma, Professor, FMS, Delhi 2. Ms. R. Singh, Sr. Manager, Wipro Ltd.

5 Solved Practice Questions

Q1: Write a Letter to the Editor of a national daily, highlighting the poor condition of public parks in your area.

22, Green Apartments Pune 7 November 2025 The Editor The Indian Express Pune Subject: Poor maintenance of public parks in Green Park colony Sir/Madam, Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the Pune Municipal Corporation to the deplorable condition of public parks in the Green Park colony. The central park, which was once a green oasis, is now in shambles. The walking tracks are broken, the swings and slides for children are rusted or missing, and the park is full of litter. There are no proper lighting facilities, making it unsafe for residents after sunset. Despite several complaints to the local authorities, no action has been taken. The park has become a dumping ground. I urge the authorities to take immediate steps to restore the park by cleaning it, repairing the tracks and swings, and installing proper lights. Yours truly, (Signature) RENU MATHUR (A concerned resident)

Q2: You are Sunita/Sameer. Apply for the post of PGT (English) at Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram, in response to their advertisement.

45, Hauz Khas New Delhi 7 November 2025 The Principal Delhi Public School R.K. Puram, New Delhi Subject: Application for the post of PGT (English) Madam/Sir, This is in response to your advertisement in 'The Hindustan Times' dated 5th November 2025, for the post of PGT (English). I wish to offer my candidature. I am M.A. (English) and B.Ed. from Delhi University. I have also cleared the CTET (Level 2). I have 3 years of experience teaching senior secondary classes at a reputed school. I am passionate about literature and possess excellent communication skills. I am enclosing my detailed bio-data for your consideration. If given an opportunity, I assure you that I will dedicate myself to the role and contribute positively to the school's academic environment. Yours faithfully, (Signature) SUNITA SHARMA Encl: Bio-Data

Q3: Write a Letter to the Editor about the nuisance of reckless driving by delivery boys in your locality.

B-101, Prestige Towers Bengaluru 7 November 2025 The Editor The Deccan Herald Bengaluru Subject: Menace of reckless driving by delivery boys Sir/Madam, Through your esteemed daily, I want to highlight the growing issue of reckless driving by food and e-commerce delivery boys in the Indiranagar area. These riders, in their hurry to meet deadlines, often speed, ride on footpaths, jump red lights, and use loud horns, especially during peak hours. This not only causes noise pollution but also poses a serious threat to pedestrians, especially children and senior citizens. Several minor accidents have already occurred. The authorities must take this matter seriously. Traffic police should penalize such riders, and the concerned companies must provide better training to their staff, focusing on adherence to traffic rules over speed. Yours truly, (Signature) ROHAN GUPTA (Resident, Indiranagar)

Q4: You are Raj/Rani, a computer engineer. Apply for the post of 'Software Developer' at Infosys, Bengaluru.

77, Jayanagar Bengaluru 7 November 2025 The HR Manager Infosys Electronic City, Bengaluru Subject: Application for the post of Software Developer (Ref: #SDE-004) Sir/Madam, With reference to the opening posted on your company's career portal, I wish to apply for the post of Software Developer. I am a B.Tech in Computer Science from Manipal Institute of Technology (2024 batch). During my final year, I interned at a startup where I gained hands-on experience in Python and Java. My final year project was an AI-based chatbot, which was highly appreciated. I am a quick learner and a team player, and I am eager to start my career with a renowned organization like Infosys. My resume is enclosed for your review. I look forward to the opportunity of an interview. Yours faithfully, (Signature) RAJ N. Encl: Resume

Q5: Write a Letter to the Editor, suggesting ways to conserve water and tackle water scarcity in your city.

12, Malabar Hill Mumbai 7 November 2025 The Editor The Times of India Mumbai Subject: Need for water conservation and rainwater harvesting Sir/Madam, Through your newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the residents of Mumbai to the acute water scarcity we face, especially during summer. While the municipal corporation is trying its best, the responsibility also lies with us. We must stop wasting water. Simple steps like fixing leaky taps, using buckets for washing cars, and promoting 'dry' Holi celebrations can make a huge difference. Furthermore, the BMC should make rainwater harvesting mandatory for all large societies and commercial buildings. This would help recharge the groundwater levels and reduce dependency on supplied water. It is high time we work together to conserve this precious resource. Yours truly, (Signature) A. D'SOUZA (A concerned citizen)

How to Write a Report – Format, Topics, and Sample Questions with Answers (CBSE Guide)

Mastering the Art of Report Writing: A CBSE Guide

Ever felt stuck staring at a blank page, wondering how to turn your thoughts or a whole event into a formal report? You're not alone! Report writing is a key skill, especially for CBSE classes, but it's often seen as tricky.

Don't worry! This guide will break down everything you need to know—from the basic format to pro-tips and solved CBSE examples. Let's turn that confusion into confidence.

What is Report Writing?

Think of a report as a formal, factual story. It's a structured way to present information about an event, topic, or investigation. Its main goal is to be clear, concise, and accurate.

Whether you're describing your school's Sports Day or a public incident, your report provides a snapshot for someone who wasn't there. It sticks to the facts and presents them in a logical order.

Types of Reports (for School)

While there are many kinds, for school purposes, you'll mostly deal with these:

1. Newspaper Report

Focuses on an event or incident for the public (e.g., an accident, a new policy). It's factual and objective.

2. Magazine Report

Goes deeper than a newspaper report. It's more detailed, analytical, and might cover a broader topic (e.g., "The Rise of E-Sports").

3. School Report

A formal account of a school event or activity (e.g., Annual Day, Science Fair) written for the school magazine or notice board.

The 5-Step Report Writing Format (CBSE)

Follow this structure, and you'll have a perfect report every time. This is the standard format expected in your exams.

1. Heading / Title

   This is your first impression. It must be brief, eye-catching, and instantly tell the reader what the report is about.

2. Byline

   Simple and clear: "By [Your Name]". If required, you might add your title or class (e.g., "By Rohan, Head Boy" or "By Priya, Class XII").

3. Introduction (Lead Paragraph)

   This is the "5 Ws" paragraph. It must answer:

   • What happened?
   • Where did it happen?
   • When did it happen?
   • Who was involved?

   This paragraph sets the context and gives the reader all the essential information upfront.

4. Body of the Report

   This is where you expand on the introduction. It's usually 2-3 paragraphs. You should:

   • Give a chronological or logical sequence of events.
   • Include key details, quotes from participants or guests, and relevant data.
   • Explain the "How" and "Why" of the event.
   • Keep your facts accurate and be objective.

5. Conclusion

   A brief, one-paragraph summary. Wrap up the event, mention any outcomes, or (if appropriate) state a final quote or a look towards the future.

Pro-Tips for a Flawless Report

• Be Concise: Get to the point. Avoid flowery language or unnecessary details. Stick to the facts.
• Use Simple Language: Write in a formal, straightforward style. Your goal is to inform, not to confuse.
• Stay Objective: Report what happened, not what you *feel* about it. Avoid personal opinions (e.g., "It was the best day ever!").
• Proofread: Always check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inconsistencies. A clean report is a credible report.
• Mind the Word Limit: CBSE reports often have a strict word limit (e.g., 120-150 words). Practice writing concisely.

Sample Report Topics

• School Events: Annual Sports Day, Science Fair, Debate Competition, Tree Plantation Drive.
• Accidents/Disasters: A Road Accident, A Fire Outbreak, Flood Relief Camp.
• Social Issues: Water Scarcity in Your Locality, Increasing Air Pollution, "Say No to Plastic" Campaign.

Sample Report (School Event)

Annual Sports Day Celebrated at ABC School

By XYZ, Class 12

New Delhi, September 25, 2024: The Annual Sports Day of ABC School was held on September 25, 2024, with great enthusiasm and zeal on the school grounds. The event, which commenced at 9 AM, saw a large gathering of students, teachers, and parents.

Mr. Arun Prakash, an eminent sports personality, graced the occasion as the chief guest and inaugurated the event with a motivational speech. Students from all grades participated in various competitions, including track and field events, basketball, and cricket matches. The highlight of the day was the 100-meter sprint, in which Saurabh from Class 11 won first place.

The event concluded at 4 PM with a prize distribution ceremony, where the chief guest felicitated the winners. The day was a grand success, reinforcing the spirit of teamwork and healthy competition among the students.

Practice Questions (CBSE Samples)

Test your skills! Here are some past CBSE questions. Try writing them yourself before you peek at the answers.

Full Question: You are Karan/ Kirti of L.M. Memorial Public School, Dwarka. Your school has adopted a village as a social responsibility. Students are being taken to teach the children of that village on a regular basis. Write a report, for your school magazine, on the various other programmes organized there in 120 – 150 words.

Sample Answer:

L.M. Memorial Adopts Village

By Karan, Class XII

Dwarka, September 27, 2024: L.M. Memorial Public School, Dwarka, has undertaken a noble initiative by adopting a nearby village as part of its social responsibility. The project, which began in August, aims to uplift the villagers' lives through various community-driven activities.

While students from classes IX-XII regularly visit to teach the village children, several other programmes have also been organized. These include health awareness camps, large-scale cleanliness drives, and tree plantation events. Recently, a health camp provided free check-ups and vaccinations to over 100 residents. Workshops on women’s empowerment and vocational training have also been introduced to promote self-reliance.

This initiative has fostered a spirit of service among students and significantly contributed to the well-being of the village community.

Full Question: MMD School, Nashik, recently organised a science symposium on the topic: ‘Effect of pollution on quality of life’. You are Amit/Amita Raazdan, editor of the school magazine. Write a report on the event for your school magazine. (120 – 150 words)

Sample Answer:

Science Symposium on Pollution's Impact

By Amita Raazdan, Editor

Nashik, September 10, 2024: MMD School, Nashik, hosted a science symposium on the ‘Effect of Pollution on Quality of Life’ on 10th September in the school auditorium. The event aimed to raise awareness about the alarming rise in pollution and its direct impact on human health.

The keynote speaker, renowned environmentalist Dr. Ramesh Kulkarni, delivered an insightful lecture on air, water, and soil pollution. Following this, students presented research projects showcasing innovative solutions, including waste management techniques and renewable energy alternatives. An interactive Q&A session with the expert panel proved highly engaging for the student audience.

The symposium was an eye-opener, successfully inspiring all attendees to take concrete steps toward reducing pollution.

Full Question: Cultural Society Sunshine Public School, Nellore organised an adult literacy camp in its neighbourhood. Write a report in 120 – 150 words on the camp for your school newsletter. You are P.V. Sunitha, Secretary.

Sample Answer:

Adult Literacy Camp Organized

By P.V. Sunitha, Secretary

Nellore, September 20, 2024: The Cultural Society of Sunshine Public School, Nellore, successfully organized an adult literacy camp in the neighborhood from 15th to 20th September. The initiative aimed to empower the local community by helping adults develop basic reading and writing skills.

A team of 25 student volunteers dedicated three hours daily, teaching in the local community hall, which was equipped with chairs and blackboards. The camp saw enthusiastic participation from approximately 40 adults from the neighborhood. The curriculum covered basic literacy and numeracy.

The camp had a significant impact, enabling participants to read simple texts and write their names, boosting their confidence. The event highlighted the importance of education at every age.

Invitations & Replies - Marking Scheme, Format, Sample Questions & Answers (Class 12)

2. A Guide to Invitations & Replies (CBSE Class 12)

Invitations are written requests to someone to attend an event. They must be answered within the 50-word limit.
• Formal Invitations: Can be a card (for weddings, school functions) or a formal letter (inviting a chief guest). They are written in the third person.
• Informal Invitations: Are like short letters to friends or family (for birthdays, house-warmings). They use the first and second person (I, you, my, your).
• Replies: Must match the invitation. A formal invitation gets a formal reply (in third person). An informal invitation gets an informal reply (like a short letter).

Marking Scheme (4 Marks)

• Format: 1 Mark
• Content: 2 Marks (Occasion, Date, Time, Venue, Host's Name, Acceptance/Refusal)
• Accuracy: 1 Mark (Spelling and Grammar)

Formats

There are 4 main types. Pay close attention to the use of third-person vs. first-person and the layout (card vs. letter).

1. Formal Invitation (Card)

Mr. and Mrs. S. K. Sharma request the pleasure of your company at the auspicious occasion of the MARRIAGE of their daughter SONIA with RAHUL (S/o Mr. and Mrs. V. K. Mehta) on Sunday, 15th December 2025 at 8:00 PM onwards at The Grand Hotel, New Delhi
R.S.V.P. S. K. Sharma 22, Green Park, New Delhi 98xxxxxx00

2. Informal Invitation (Letter)

24, Model Town Delhi 3 November 2025 Dear Rohan, You'll be happy to know that I'm turning 18 on 10th November! I am organizing a small party for all my close friends at my residence at 7 PM. I would love for you to come and celebrate with us. No excuses! Yours, Ankit

3. Formal Reply (Accepting)

Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Gupta thank Mr. and Mrs. S. K. Sharma for their kind invitation to the marriage of their daughter, Sonia, on 15th December 2025. They have great pleasure in accepting the invitation and will be present to wish the couple. 3 November 2025

4. Informal Reply (Declining)

15, Ashok Vihar Delhi 3 November 2025 Dear Ankit, Thank you so much for the invitation to your 18th birthday party! I am so happy for you. Unfortunately, I won't be able to join the celebration as I have my pre-board exams starting the very next day. I wish you a fantastic birthday. Will catch up soon! Yours, Rohan

You are the Principal of St. Mary's School, Agra. Draft a formal invitation card for the school's Annual Day. Mr. Arvind Gupta, the District Magistrate, will be the Chief Guest.

The Principal, Staff and Students of ST. MARY'S SCHOOL, AGRA request the pleasure of your company on their 25th ANNUAL DAY CELEBRATION on Saturday, 20th December 2025 at 5:00 PM in the School Auditorium
Mr. Arvind Gupta, District Magistrate, has kindly consented to be the Chief Guest.
R.S.V.P. Principal 0562-2xxxxxx
*Please be seated by 4:45 PM*

5 Solved Practice Questions

Q1: Draft an informal invitation to your friend for a house-warming party.

52, Harmony Apartments Pune 3 November 2025 Dear Priya, Great news! We've finally moved into our new house. To celebrate this, we are holding a small house-warming party and puja on Sunday, 10th November 2025, from 11 AM onwards. Please come and bless our new home. We'll have lunch together. Yours, Anita

Q2: You are Mr. A.K. Sharma. Draft a formal reply declining a wedding invitation from Mr. S. Verma due to a prior engagement.

Mr. and Mrs. A. K. Sharma thank Mr. and Mrs. S. Verma for their kind invitation to the wedding of their son, Rohit, on 20th November 2025. However, they express their inability to attend the ceremony due to a prior engagement. They send their best wishes to Rohit and the family. 3 November 2025

Q3: Draft a formal invitation card for the inauguration of your new electronics showroom, 'Gadget World'.

M/s Bansal & Sons request the pleasure of your benign presence at the inauguration of their new electronics showroom GADGET WORLD at 14, MG Road, Bengaluru on Friday, 7th November 2025 at 11:00 AM
R.S.V.P. Bansal & Sons 98xxxxxx00
*Inaugural 10% discount on all products*

Q4: You are Rahul. Draft an informal reply accepting an invitation from your friend to spend winter break with him.

33, Sector 15 Chandigarh 3 November 2025 Dear Sameer, I'm so excited to receive your letter! Thank you for inviting me to spend the winter break with you in Mussoorie. I'd love to come. My exams finish on 20th December, so I can be there from 22nd Dec to 28th Dec. I can't wait to see you! Yours, Rahul

Q5: Your school is inviting a famous author, Mr. Chetan Bhagat, as the chief guest for your Literary Fest. Draft a formal invitation letter.

Springdales School New Delhi 3 November 2025 Mr. Chetan Bhagat 22, Pali Hill Mumbai Subject: Invitation as Chief Guest for 'Lit-Verse' Dear Sir, Our school is organizing its Annual Literary Fest, 'Lit-Verse', on 1st December 2025 from 10 AM onwards. We would be highly honoured if you could grace the occasion as our Chief Guest and inspire our students with your words. We hope you will accept our humble invitation. Yours sincerely, (Signature) R. K. Sharma (Principal)

Notice Writing - Marking Scheme, Format and Sample Answers as per CBSE Guidelines

1. Mastering Notice Writing (CBSE Class 12)

A notice is a formal, written or printed piece of information for a specific group of people. It's usually displayed on a noticeboard. The key is to be clear, concise, and provide all necessary information within the 50-word limit. Always remember the 5 W's: What (the event), When (date and time), Where (the venue), Who (is it for), and Whom (to contact).

Marking Scheme (4 Marks)

• Format: 1 Mark (Includes box, 'NOTICE', Issuing Authority, Date, Heading, Sign/Name/Designation)
• Content: 2 Marks (The 5 W's - What, When, Where, Who, Whom)
• Accuracy: 1 Mark (Spelling and Grammar)

Format

A notice must always be enclosed in a box. Here is the standard format:

NAME OF ISSUING ORGANISATION/SCHOOL

NOTICE

DATE (e.g., 3 November 2025)

HEADING/TITLE

Body of the Notice (Event, Date, Time, Venue, Target Audience, Contact Person/Deadline). Keep it within 50 words. This section should answer all 5 W's clearly.

(Signature)
NAME (In Block Letters)
(Designation)

You are Karan/Karuna, a student of Class 12. You have lost your library book issued in your name in the school playground. Draft a notice for the school noticeboard.

ABC PUBLIC SCHOOL, DELHI

NOTICE

3 November 2025

LOST! LOST! LOST!

Lost a library book, "Physics for Class XII", in the school playground today during the lunch break. The book is issued in my name. Finder is requested to return it to the undersigned or deposit it at the library.

(Signature)
KARAN
(Class XII-A)

5 Solved Practice Questions

Q1: You are the Secretary of the school's Debate Club. Draft a notice for an inter-school debate competition.

SUNRISE GLOBAL SCHOOL, AGRA

NOTICE

3 November 2025

INTER-SCHOOL DEBATE COMPETITION

Our school is hosting an Inter-School Debate Competition on 15 November 2025 in the school auditorium. Students from classes XI-XII interested in participating in the selection trials on 7th Nov should give their names to the undersigned.

(Signature)
AMIT/AMITA
(Secretary, Debate Club)

Q2: You have found a Titan wristwatch in the school canteen. As Head Boy, draft a notice.

GREEN VALLEY SCHOOL, PUNE

NOTICE

3 November 2025

FOUND A WRISTWATCH

A silver-chain Titan wristwatch has been found in the school canteen today. The genuine owner can claim it from the undersigned after providing necessary details (e.g., model, colour) during the recess.

(Signature)
ROHAN SHARMA
(Head Boy)

Q3: Your school is organizing its Annual Sports Day. Draft a notice as the Sports Secretary.

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANCHI

NOTICE

3 November 2025

ANNUAL SPORTS DAY

The Annual Sports Day will be held on 20 December 2025 at the school stadium. Students interested in participating in various events (100m race, long jump, etc.) must register with their respective class teachers by 10 November 2025.

(Signature)
VIKRAM/VIKRANTI
(Sports Secretary)

Q4: As the President of the Music Club, draft a notice for a meeting to plan the annual cultural fest.

MODERN SCHOOL, BARAKHAMBA

NOTICE

3 November 2025

MUSIC CLUB MEETING

A meeting for all Music Club members will be held on 5 November 2025 at 2:00 PM in the music room to discuss and plan for the upcoming annual cultural fest, 'Harmony-2025'. Attendance is mandatory.

(Signature)
RAHUL/PRIYA
(President, Music Club)

Q5: Your school is organizing a Blood Donation Camp. Draft a notice as the Head of the Health Club.

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, MUMBAI

NOTICE

3 November 2025

BLOOD DONATION CAMP

Our school is organizing a Blood Donation Camp in association with Red Cross Society on 10 November 2025 from 9 AM to 1 PM in the school hall. All students (above 18), teachers, and parents are urged to donate generously.

(Signature)
S. NAIR
(Head, Health Club)

Writing a Story and Diary Entry (100-120 words) - CBSE Board Exam - English - NCERT Solution

Writing a Story or Diary Entry (100-120 words)

CBSE Pattern | British English | Based on a Given Cue/Title

1. Writing a Story (100-120 words)

A story is a short narrative that usually includes characters, a setting, a conflict, and a resolution. For CBSE, students are expected to craft concise stories, focusing on the key elements of storytelling while keeping the word limit in mind.

Structure of a Story:

1. Introduction: Start with a brief introduction to the characters and setting. It should capture the reader’s attention and provide a context for the story.
2. Plot: Introduce the main event or problem that the story revolves around. This should be brief but engaging.
3. Climax: Highlight the most exciting or tense moment of the story.
4. Conclusion: Wrap up the story by resolving the conflict or problem, ending with a clear conclusion.

Guidelines for Writing a Story:

• Be Brief: Keep the story concise but meaningful, adhering to the 100-120 word limit.
• Focus on Key Elements: Include a simple plot with clear characterisation, avoiding unnecessary details.
• Use Dialogue: If possible, add short dialogues to make the story engaging.
• Stick to the Title/Cue: Make sure the story revolves around the given topic or title.

Example of a Story:

Title: A Brave Act

It was a stormy night when Riya heard a faint cry from outside. The streets were deserted, but curiosity got the better of her. She stepped out cautiously and followed the sound, only to find a kitten stuck in a drain. Without hesitation, Riya waded through the rainwater and carefully pulled the kitten to safety. Cold and wet, she returned home, her heart warm with pride. That night, she not only rescued a life but also discovered her own courage.

---

2. Writing a Diary Entry (100-120 words)

A diary entry is a personal reflection on events, thoughts, or experiences. It’s informal, written in the first person, and expresses the writer’s emotions about a particular day or moment.

Structure of a Diary Entry:

1. Date and Salutation: Start with the date and address the entry with “Dear Diary.”
2. Introduction: Briefly introduce the event or experience that you are reflecting on.
3. Main Content: Describe your thoughts and feelings about the event. Reflect on what happened, how it made you feel, and any lessons you learned.
4. Conclusion: End with a final thought or reflection, or an anticipation for the future.

Guidelines for Writing a Diary Entry:

• Be Personal: A diary entry is meant to express personal emotions and reflections. Use “I” to convey your thoughts.
• Focus on Feelings: Reflect on your emotions—whether happy, sad, excited, or frustrated.
• Use Informal Language: Diary entries are informal, so feel free to write as you would speak.
• Stay on Topic: Stick to the specific event or experience you are reflecting on.

Example of a Diary Entry:

Date: 3rd October 2024
Dear Diary,

Today was one of the most exciting days of my life! We had our annual science fair, and my project on solar energy won the first prize. I was nervous at first, but as soon as I explained my project to the judges, I felt more confident. They seemed really impressed. All the hard work finally paid off, and I couldn’t be prouder. Mum and Dad were so happy too! I can’t wait to show the certificate to my friends at school tomorrow. This day will remain one of my best memories.

---

Practice Exercise:

1. Story Title: The Lost Key
   Write a short story in 100-120 words based on the title.

2. Diary Entry Prompt: Write a diary entry describing a day when you faced a challenge and how you overcame it.

 

Bholi by KA Abbas Summary Q&A Solved

Summary of "Bholi" by K.A. Abbas

Bholi, originally named Sulekha, was the youngest daughter of Ramlal, a prosperous farmer. An injury in her childhood left her mentally slow, and smallpox disfigured her face. She also struggled with a speech defect, which led to ridicule from her peers and neglect from her family. Unlike her siblings, Bholi was considered unintelligent and unattractive, leaving her future uncertain. Her parents, worried that she might never marry, decided to send her to school as a last resort.

At first, Bholi was terrified of going to school, associating it with rejection like the family cow that was sold. However, her experience at school proved transformative. Her teacher treated her with kindness and patience, helping her build confidence and overcome her speech impediment. Over time, Bholi blossomed into a confident young woman.

Years later, Bholi’s parents arranged her marriage to Bishamber, an older man who limped and had grown children. Though initially willing to marry him, Bholi rejected the match when Bishamber demanded a dowry upon seeing her face. In a moment of strength and clarity, she stood up for herself, refusing to marry a greedy and unkind man. In the end, Bholi decided she would stay with her parents and become a schoolteacher, embracing her newfound self-worth.

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Answers to Questions

1. Why is Bholi’s father worried about her?
   
   Bholi's father was worried because she was neither beautiful nor intelligent, and he feared that she would never get married.

2. For what unusual reasons is Bholi sent to school?
   
   Bholi was sent to school because her parents thought that due to her appearance and perceived lack of intelligence, she had little chance of finding a husband. They believed schooling might be a way to care for her since marriage was unlikely.

3. Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school?
   
   Initially, Bholi was scared on her first day at school, but her teacher's kindness made her feel safe and welcome. By the end of the day, she felt hopeful and excited about returning to school.

4. Does she find her teacher different from the people at home? 
   
   Yes, Bholi finds her teacher different because she is kind and supportive, unlike her neglectful family.

5. Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?
   
   Bholi’s parents accepted Bishamber’s proposal because they believed that despite his age and limp, Bholi was fortunate to marry a well-off man, especially since he initially demanded no dowry.

6. Why does the marriage not take place? 
   
   The marriage did not take place because Bishamber demanded a dowry of five thousand rupees upon seeing Bholi's pockmarked face. Bholi, realizing his greed and lack of compassion, rejected the marriage.

7. Why is Bholi called Sulekha again at the end of the story?
   
   Bholi is called Sulekha at the end of the story to signify her transformation. She had grown into a confident and independent woman, leaving behind the timid and fearful girl who was once called Bholi, meaning "simpleton."

Think About It (Q&A)

1. Bholi had many apprehensions about going to school. What made her feel that she was going to a better place than her home?
   

   
   Bholi was initially frightened of going to school because she didn't understand what school was like. However, she began to feel she was going to a better place when she was given clean clothes to wear and bathed properly, something she had never experienced before. This special treatment made her believe that school might be a place better than her home, where she had always been neglected.
   
   
2. How did Bholi’s teacher play an important role in changing the course of her life?
   
   
   Bholi’s teacher played a crucial role in transforming her life by showing her kindness, patience, and encouragement. The teacher helped Bholi overcome her fears and speech problems by making her feel confident and capable. She nurtured Bholi’s self-esteem and inspired her to continue her education, giving her the strength to stand up for herself later in life.
   
   
3. Why did Bholi at first agree to an unequal match? Why did she later reject the marriage? What does this tell us about her?
   
   Bholi agreed to the unequal match with Bishamber initially out of a sense of duty to her family. She believed it was her responsibility to marry him to preserve her family's honor. However, when Bishamber demanded a dowry upon seeing her pockmarked face, she realized his greed and cruelty. She rejected the marriage, showing that she had gained the confidence to stand up for herself. This reveals her inner strength, self-respect, and newfound belief in her own worth.
   
   
4. Bholi’s real name is Sulekha. We are told this right at the beginning. But only in the last but one paragraph of the story is Bholi called Sulekha again. Why do you think she is called Sulekha at that point in the story?
   
   Bholi is called Sulekha again at the end of the story to symbolize her transformation from a timid, insecure girl (Bholi, meaning "simpleton") to a confident, self-assured woman (Sulekha, her real name). The use of her real name at this point reflects her growth, maturity, and the realization of her true potential. It marks the completion of her journey from vulnerability to empowerment.

SHORT ANSWERS

1. What made Bholi feel she was going to a better place than her home?
   Bholi felt she was going to a better place because she was bathed, given clean clothes, and treated specially, unlike at home where she was neglected.
2. How did Bholi’s teacher change her life?
   Bholi’s teacher showed her kindness and encouraged her, helping her overcome her fears and stammer, building her confidence and self-respect.
3. Why did Bholi agree to the marriage and later reject it?
   Bholi agreed to the marriage out of duty but rejected it when Bishamber demanded dowry, showing she had gained self-respect and independence.
4. Why is Bholi called Sulekha at the end?
   She is called Sulekha at the end to symbolize her transformation into a confident and empowered person, shedding her old timid identity.

TALK ABOUT IT

Answer the following questions in simple and lucid language: 

1. Bholi’s teacher helped her overcome social barriers by encouraging and motivating her. How do you think you can contribute towards changing the social attitudes illustrated in this story? 
   
   I can help change social attitudes by treating everyone with respect, encouraging those who are marginalized, and speaking out against discrimination.
   
   
2. Should girls be aware of their rights, and assert them? Should girls and boys have the same rights, duties and privileges? What are some of the ways in which society treats them differently? When we speak of ‘human rights’, do we differentiate between girls’ rights and boys’ rights? 
   
   Yes, girls should know their rights and assert them. Both girls and boys should have the same rights, duties, and privileges. Society often treats them differently by limiting girls’ education and opportunities, and human rights should be the same for everyone without gender discrimination.
   
   
3. Do you think the characters in the story were speaking to each other in English? If not, in which language were they speaking? (You can get clues from the names of the persons and the non English words used in the story.) 
   
   The characters were likely not speaking in English; they were probably speaking in Hindi or another regional language, as indicated by their names and cultural context.

The Proposal by Anton Chekhov - Summary, Q&A, Important Questions and MCQs

Summary of "The Proposal" by Anton Chekhov

"The Proposal" is a one-act farce that explores the comedic and absurd nature of courtship between the wealthy landowners Ivan Lomov and Natalya Stepanovna. Lomov visits Stepan Chubukov’s house to propose to his daughter, Natalya. However, instead of smoothly asking for her hand in marriage, they begin to argue over trivial matters like the ownership of Oxen Meadows and whose dog is better. These petty arguments escalate to the point where the proposal itself is almost forgotten. In the end, despite their endless bickering, Chubukov persuades them to get married, although they continue arguing even after their engagement is secured.

Answers to Questions

1. What does Chubukov at first suspect that Lomov has come for? Is he sincere when he later says, "And I've always loved you, my angel, as if you were my own son"?

   • Chubukov initially suspects that Lomov has come to borrow money. He is not entirely sincere when he later claims that he has always loved Lomov like his own son. His exaggerated reaction to Lomov's proposal, followed by the rapid change in his behavior when Lomov starts arguing with Natalya, shows that his affection is more tied to the material benefit of the marriage than genuine emotion.

2. Chubukov says of Natalya: "...as if she won’t consent! She’s in love; egad, she’s like a lovesick cat..." Would you agree?

   • Yes, Chubukov's statement is partly true. Natalya’s reaction after learning that Lomov came to propose — she becomes extremely upset and demands that he be brought back immediately — suggests that she has feelings for Lomov, even if they are not overtly romantic. Her sudden switch from arguing with Lomov to eagerly accepting his proposal reflects emotional confusion, much like a "lovesick cat."

3. (i) Find all the words and expressions in the play that the characters use to speak about each other, and the accusations and insults they hurl at each other.

   • Lomov calls Chubukov a "malicious, double-faced intriguer" and accuses him of being a "grabber." Chubukov, in turn, calls Lomov a "fool," a "pettifogger," and an "intriguer." Natalya and Lomov also insult each other, with Lomov claiming that Natalya’s dog, Squeezer, is "overshot" and a poor hunter, while Natalya calls Lomov’s dog, Guess, "old" and "ugly."

   (ii) Five adjectives to describe each character:

   • Lomov: Nervous, argumentative, insecure, excitable, indecisive.
   • Natalya: Stubborn, emotional, quarrelsome, passionate, prideful.
   • Chubukov: Manipulative, opportunistic, impatient, hypocritical, dramatic.

   (iii) What will they quarrel about next?

• They are likely to quarrel about household matters, future decisions regarding their land or livestock, or continue bickering about trivial matters like their dogs, as their argumentative nature seems to be a core part of their personalities.

Class 11 - English - Hornbill - Ch. 3 - Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues

Understanding the text

Question 1.

Give reasons for the following.

1. King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny.
   
   Answer:
   King Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, is one of the most well-known pharaohs of ancient Egypt and his tomb was discovered in 1922 by archaeologist Howard Carter. His mummy and the treasures found in the tomb have been the subject of much study and scrutiny since then. The reasons for this include his historical significance as a powerful and influential ruler during a crucial period in ancient Egyptian history, the scientific advancements that have allowed scientists to use new methods to study his mummy and artifacts, the medical findings that can be obtained from the study of the mummy, the mystery surrounding his death and the public interest in understanding ancient Egyptian history.
   
   

2. Howard Carter’s investigation was resented.
   
   Answer:
   Howard Carter’s investigation was resented because the mummy was dismembered in order to separate it from the golden coffin, which was seen as a disrespectful and intrusive method of studying the mummy, as it can cause damage to the remains and disrupt the preservation of the mummy. Moreover, it was focused on treasure hunting rather than prioritising to understand the past and its cultural importance.
   
   

3. Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
   
   Answer:
   When Howard Carter discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamun, the mummy of the king was still inside its golden coffin and was encased in a layer of solidified resin. Carter and his team had to chisel away the resin in order to raise the king's remains.
   (include the rest of this answer for long answer type)
   There are several reasons for this:

Preservation: The resin was used as a way to preserve the mummy and its associated grave goods. The resins were used to protect the mummy from decay and to seal the tomb from the elements, but also to protect it from grave robbers.

A ritual act: The use of resin was also a ritual act, it was considered as a way of preserving the mummy for eternity, and it was a way to show respect to the dead.

Access to the mummy: In order to study the mummy and the artifacts found in the tomb, Carter and his team needed to remove the resin. Without removing the resin, they would not have been able to access the mummy and the artifacts, and their understanding of the tomb and its contents would have been limited.

Removal of the mummy: The mummy was still inside the golden coffin, and the only way to remove it was to chisel away the resin. This process was not an easy one, it was a delicate process that required skilled workers, and it took several weeks to complete.

It is worth noting that this method of chiselling the resin away was commonly used in the early days of Egyptology, and it was not as well understood as it is today, the importance of preserving the mummy and its context. Today, archaeologists use non-destructive methods to study mummies, such as CT scans and X-rays, which allow for a detailed examination of the mummy without causing any damage.

4. Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures.
   
   Answer:
   Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, was buried along with gilded treasures for several reasons, including:

Burial customs: In ancient Egypt, it was common for pharaohs and other members of the elite to be buried with a wide variety of grave goods, including jewelry, weapons, clothing, and other items. These goods were believed to be necessary for the deceased in the afterlife, and they were often richly decorated with gold and other precious materials.

(include the following for long answer)

Wealth and status: Burying King Tut with gilded treasures was a way to demonstrate his wealth and status. The gold and other precious materials used to decorate the treasures were a symbol of his power and prestige, and they would have been seen as a way to ensure that he would continue to be powerful and prestigious in the afterlife.

Protection: The treasures were also believed to have protective power, both for the deceased and for the tomb. The treasures were believed to have magical powers that would protect the mummy and tomb from grave robbers and other dangers.

Rituals and beliefs: The ancient Egyptians believed that the deceased would need to use the objects in the afterlife, such as weapons to defend themselves, jewelry to adorn themselves, and so on. These objects were also believed to have the ability to connect the deceased with the gods, the gods were believed to be pleased by the gifts and would protect the deceased in return.

5. The boy king changed his name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun.
   
   Answer:
   Tutankhamun was part of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, which was a time of significant religious changes in Egypt. The pharaoh Akhenaten, who was Tutankhamun's father, had introduced a new form of monotheism in which the god Aten was the only god to be worshipped. The name Tutankhaten, which means "the living image of Aten", reflected this religious belief. However, after Akhenaten's death, the traditional polytheistic religion was restored and the name Tutankhamun, which means "the living image of Amun", reflected this change.

Question 2. 

1. List the deeds that led Ray Johnson to describe Akhenaten as “wacky”.
   
   Answer:
   Pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled Egypt during the 18th dynasty, is known for his religious revolution, where he introduced a new form of monotheism in which the god Aten was the only god to be worshipped; this was a significant departure from the traditional polytheistic religion of Egypt, which had many gods and goddesses. He also built a new capital city, Akhetaten (now known as Amarna), in the desert to the east of Thebes, the traditional capital of Egypt. This move was also seen as a rejection of the traditional religious and political establishment. Akhenaten's reign also saw a significant change in the style of art, with a shift towards more realistic and naturalistic depictions of the human form, which was a departure from the traditional stylized figures seen in Egyptian art. He also suppressed the traditional gods and goddesses and the closure of their temples which caused a significant disruption to the religious and cultural life of the people.
   
   

2. What were the results of the CT scan?
   
   Answer:
   In 2005, a CT scan was performed on the mummy of King Tutankhamun to determine the cause of his death and to learn more about his health. The results of the scan revealed that King Tut had several health problems, including a congenital disorder called Klippel-Feil syndrome, a broken leg, infections in his chest and brain, and evidence of malaria. The combination of these conditions would have made it difficult for him to walk and weakened his immune system, making him more vulnerable to other diseases. The CT scan did not provide a clear cause of death, but it helped to fill in the gaps in historical records and to understand the life and death of the boy king.
   
   

3. List the advances in technology that have improved forensic analysis.
   
   Answer:
   Advances in technology have greatly improved forensic analysis by providing more accurate and efficient methods of identifying and analyzing evidence. Examples of technology that have improved forensic analysis include DNA analysis, fingerprint analysis, ballistics analysis, drug analysis, digital forensics, and facial recognition. These tools and techniques have helped investigators solve crimes and bring criminals to justice. As technology continues to evolve, new and more powerful tools will be developed to improve forensic analysis.
   
   

4. Explain the statement, “King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned — in death, as in life...”
   
   Answer:
   King Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled around 1332-1323 BC. He is famous for his tomb being discovered nearly intact by Howard Carter in 1922. He is considered one of the first mummies to be scanned, as in 2005 a CT scan was performed on his mummy to determine the cause of his death and to learn more about his health. This was significant because it was one of the first times that a mummy was scanned using this technology.

The statement "in death, as in life, moving regally ahead of his countrymen" means that King Tut's mummy was scanned ahead of other mummies in Egypt, just like how he was ahead of his peers during his lifetime as a pharaoh. The use of the phrase "moving regally" emphasizes that King Tut was a powerful and respected leader in life, and in death he continues to be of interest and importance, leading the way for others to be examined in the same way.

Talking about the text

Discuss the following in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view. 

1. Scientific intervention is necessary to unearth buried mysteries.
   
   Answer:
   Scientific intervention, or the application of scientific methods and techniques, is often necessary to uncover and understand buried mysteries. This can include the use of tools such as radiocarbon dating, DNA analysis, and geological surveys to uncover and study ancient artifacts, fossils, and other physical evidence. Additionally, scientific models and simulations can be used to better understand and predict the behavior of complex systems, such as weather patterns and the movements of celestial bodies. By utilizing these and other scientific methods, researchers and scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us, and uncover secrets that have been hidden for centuries.
   
   

2. Advanced technology gives us conclusive evidence of past events.
   
   Answer:
   Advanced technology has greatly improved our ability to gather and analyze evidence of past events. For example, the development of radiocarbon dating has allowed scientists to accurately determine the age of ancient artifacts and fossils. DNA analysis has also been used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of different species, as well as to identify the remains of individuals from the past. Other technologies, such as satellite imagery, LIDAR and Ground-penetrating radar, have enabled us to map and study ancient landscapes and architectural sites that would have been difficult or impossible to study otherwise.

Additionally, the use of computer simulations and models can provide insight into past events and processes. For example, climate models can be used to reconstruct past climate patterns, and numerical simulations can be used to study the formation and evolution of the universe.

Overall, advanced technology has played a significant role in helping us to better understand the past and to provide conclusive evidence of past events. However, it is important to note that the interpretation of this evidence is still subject to human bias and error, and multiple lines of evidence and independent verifications are needed for a solid conclusion.

3. Traditions, rituals and funerary practices must be respected.
   
   Answer:
   Traditions, rituals, and funerary practices are an important part of many cultures and communities, and they often reflect deeply held beliefs and values. It is important to respect these practices when studying or interacting with different cultures or communities, both as a matter of basic human respect and out of consideration for the feelings and beliefs of those who hold these practices sacred.

In terms of archaeology and other scientific research, it is important to be aware of and respectful of the funerary practices and rituals of different cultures. For example, when studying ancient burials, scientists should be mindful of the fact that these burials may be considered sacred or otherwise significant by the descendants of the people who were buried there. This means that scientists should take care to avoid disturbing or destroying these sites, and should work closely with members of the community to ensure that the research is conducted in a respectful and appropriate manner.

Similarly, when studying living cultures, it is important to be respectful of the traditions and rituals that are practiced by different communities. This includes being mindful of the fact that these practices may be considered sacred or private, and taking care to avoid interfering or disturbing them in any way.

Overall, it is important to remember that traditions, rituals, and funerary practices are an important and deeply meaningful part of many cultures and communities, and they should be respected as such.

4. Knowledge about the past is useful to complete our knowledge of the world we live in.
   
   Answer:
   Knowledge about the past is crucial for understanding the world we live in today. By studying the past, we can gain insight into the cultural, social, economic, and political systems that have shaped our world. This knowledge can help us to better understand the present and make more informed decisions about the future.

For example, studying ancient cultures can provide valuable insight into the origins of human civilization and the development of technology, art, and social structures. This knowledge can help us to understand the cultural and historical context of the societies we live in today, as well as to appreciate the diversity and richness of human experience.

Additionally, the study of past climate, environmental conditions and the changes that took place over time, provide crucial information to understand the current and future changes and to adapt accordingly. This knowledge can be used to mitigate the effects of climate change and to preserve our planet's resources for future generations.

In archaeology and other scientific fields, the study of the past also enables us to develop a deeper understanding of the natural world, including the evolution of life on Earth, the formation and history of our planet and the solar system, and the laws of physics and chemistry that govern the universe.

In conclusion, knowledge about the past is essential for understanding the present and the future. It helps us to appreciate the complexity and richness of the world around us, and to make more informed decisions about how to live our lives and shape our societies.