Practice Questions - Non Finite Verbs ( Gerunds, Infinitives, Participle)

Before starting I would like to advise you to check out this post where we explain non finite verbs in detail with examples by clicking here.

Q.I. Identify the gerunds in the following sentences identify the theFill up the blanks with infinitives:-

1. Mohan wants to ____ (swim) in the river.

Answer: Mohan wants to swim in the river.

2. Let him ___ (go) now.

Answer: Let him go now.

3. We saw him  ____ (arrive) at the party.

Answer: Let him go now.

4. Rita was too tired to ___ (walk).

Answer: Rita was too tired to walk.

5. He refused to ____ (help) me.

Answer: He refused to help me.

Q.II. Identify the gerunds in the following sentences:-

1. Swimming in the ocean is not easy.

Answer: Swimming

2. I delayed telling her the bad news.

Answer: Telling.

3. Let's go shopping.

Answer: Shopping

4. The pilot said that flying above the clouds is an experience.

Answer: Flying

5. He avoided doing his maths homework.

Answer: Doing

6. Writing is an exchange of ideas.

Answer: Writing

7. Running is fun.

Answer: Running

8. Swimming in the ocean is scary.

Answer: Swimming

9. She is afraid of flying.

Answer: Flying

10. Her love for gardening is well known.

Answer: Gardening

11. Baking is the profession of a baker.

Answer: Baking

12. I love reading.

Answer: Reading

13. Peter likes photographing animals.

Answer: Photographing

14. He was playing in the park.

Answer: Playing

15. The baby is crying.

Answer: Crying

Q.III. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of participle.

1. I found my brother ___ (drink) water.

Answer: I found my brother drinking water.

2. I reported the matter of my ___ (loose) book.

Answer: I reported the matter of my lost book.

3. She gave an ___ (amuse) performance.

Answer: She gave an amusing performance.

4. I was surprised to see so many (fall) trees.

Answer: I was surprised to see so many trees.

5. The student looked for a ___ (tore) page of his book.

Answer: The student looked for a torn page of his book.

6. The ___ (loose) team was consoled by the principal.

Answer: The lost team was consoled by the principal.

7. When she saw a snake the ___ (alarm) girl shouted.

Answer: When she saw a snake, the alarmed girl shouted.

8. I was glad to hear the ___ (chirp) birds song.

Answer: I was glad to hear the chirping bird's song.

9. After the accident the ___ (shake) boy was taken to the hospital.

Answer: After the accident the the shaken boy was taken to the hospital.

10. Do you enjoy ___ (watch) plays?

Answer: Do you enjoy watching plays?

Non - Finite Verbs (Gerunds, Infinitives, Participle) - Explanation with Examples.

Verb: A word that shows that some work has been done.

Example: Eat, drink, play, etc.

These are of two types:-

1. Finite Verbs: Verbs that represent a tense, change according to the subject, and have different froms according to the tense.

Example: Buy - bought

Teach - taught

Like - liked

2. Non - Finite Verbs: Verbs that represent no tense, they don't change according to the number or the person of the subject. 

Examples: -

She likes to eat ice cream.

They liked to eat ice cream.

He wants to go now.

They wanted to go.

Note: In a sentence there is a main verb and a non finite verb.

Without the main verb, the sentence remains meaningless . But without a non finite verb the sentence can be made.

For example: Tom saw him steal a pen.

Non finite verb: Steal.

Non finite verbs are of three types:-

1. Infinitives 

2. Gerunds

3. Participle

Infinitives:-

An infinitive is the base form of a verb. We use infinity words to join sentences.

Example: cut, put, go, come ,see, etc.

Infinitives are of two types:-

(i) Bare infinitives

(ii) To infinitives 

(i) Bare infinitives:-

It a verb that consists of infinitive without the word to.

For example: I saw her sleep.( Here, sleep is the bare infinitive and saw Is the finite verb.)

Conditions where bare infinitives are used:-

• With auxiliary verbs or modals.

Example: He may come today. ( Here, come is the bare infinitive and may is a model.)

• With transitive verbs to show sense of perception.

Example: I heard him go upstairs.

• Used in phrases having had/would in them.

Example: You had better complete your work.

(ii) To infinitives:-

Generally functions as a noun or a complement in the sentence.

Example: to operate this machine insert a coin in the slot.

• It is used after verbs such as hope, want, agree and able.

Example: My brother wanted to become a pilot.

• It is used after nouns or adjectives.

Example: the management asked the principal to decide the date.

2. Gerunds:-

Gerund is a word that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies the same position in a sentence that a noun usually does - subject, object or after a preposition.

Examples:-

The batting let down the team.(subject of a tense)

The other team is known for its fantastic bowling. (Object of a sentence)

Some were blamed for bad fielding.( Object of a preposition)

3. Participles:-

A participle is a form of a verb that can function both as a verb and as an adjective most commonly what is the poles and in -ing or -ed.

Example: The smiling baby caught my finger.

Participles are of two types:-

1. Present participle

2. Past participle

1. Present participle:-

• They work as an adjective.

• They are placed before a noun.

• They also end in -ing.

• They are also called adjectival verbs.

Examples:-

Everyone likes a smiling baby.

I want to read the interesting story.

2. Past participle:-

• Past participles are the third form of the verbs.

• They describe a noun.

• They also describe a finished or completed task.

Examples:-

The broken window panes were replaced.

The lost child was sent home.

Click here to check out these practice questions for thorough understanding.

Unseen Passage (Comprehension) with Solved Practice Questions

Introduction

• Comprehension means to understand the text fully using one's intellect. A comprehension passage is a text used for testing the reader's ability to comprehend (understand) the meaning implied by the text and the theme of that particular passage. 

• Questions based on a passage generally appear in chronological relationship to the passage. Usually, the first questions has the answer in the earlier paragraphs and so on, but if the answers are inferential, then the matter might have to be collected from various paragraphs and should be familiar with the entire passage.

Tips to know:-

How to read a passage for comprehension:

Following are a few guidelines that should be followed while attempting to comprehend  unfamiliar passage:

1. Read silently. Do not read aloud.

2. Read the entire sentence together to make out the sense or meaning.

3. Read the passage thoroughly to determine the main idea before you look at the questions.

4. Don't panic about the words you do not understand.

5. Try to make out the meaning of the word you don't understand in context to the passage.

6. Go through the questions carefully and read that part which contains the answer again.

7.Answer must be relevant and to the point.

8. Write complete sentences as answers.

9. Try to write the answers in your own words, but if required, they can be copied from the passage. 

10. Keep to the order in which the questions appear in the test paper.

I. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: Today we know about each and every part of the world. There is no land or sea that is not known to us. Man has explored every corner of the world and he knows all the ways and routes from anywhere to everywhere in the world. He can reach from one place to the other as safely, easily and quickly as he likes. He has maps to guide him and fastest means of transport to carry him.

But for ages, most of the world was unknown to man. To begin with, he lived in caves. Then he came out of caves and started making homes in little corners of forests or behind the hills. He was afraid of wild animals and also of the clouds and the winds. He offered prayers and sacrifices to gods who, he thought, controlled the clouds and the winds. But slowly, through long centuries, men began to explore what lay beyond their caves, hills and forests where they had their homes.

They went in their boats, first on the rivers and then across the seas. At first, they remained close to the shore and each new voyager went a little further than the previous one. To those early travellers, the earth seemed to be a vast, flat world. They feared what would happen if they reached the edge. They believed that if they sailed southward, the sea would become so hot and boiling that life would be impossible. Towards the north, they thought, it must be too cold for anything to live. Till only five hundred years ago, nearly all men believed this.

When some Portuguese explorers began to sail southward, their seamen revolted and refused to go further. They believed that the steaming waters of southern seas would boil them like potatoes.

When some clever men of those days said that the earth was not flat but a ball of sphere, people would laugh at them. 'How could there be people or trees on the other side of the world? they would say. Would men walk and trees grow upside down? And how could they stay on the other side? Surely they would fall off.'

On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer any 8 out of 10 of the following questions by choosing the correct option.

Q.1. we can travel as ___ as we like.

(A) safely

(B) easily

(C) quickly

(D) All the above

Q.2. The modern man can reach anywhere he likes with the help of 

(A) maps to guide him

(B) fastest means of transport

(C) Both (A) and (B) above

(D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Q. 3. After leaving the caves, man started making little homes

(A) in corners of forests 

(B) away from the forests

(C) on the tree tops

(D) above the hills

Q.4. Why would people not believe that the earth was not flat but round?

(A) If the earth were round, it would roll away like a ball.  

(B) If the earth were round, people and trees the other side would fall off.

(C) If the earth were round, water would not stay at one place.

(D) If the earth were round, it would look like the sun and the moon.

Q. 5. Voyager is a person:

(A) who makes sacrifices in order to please gods. 

(B) who goes about begging from place to place.

(C) who wants to explore new lands.

(D) making a long journey by sea.

Q. 6. What is the opposite of 'previous'?

(A) Last

(B) Next

(C) Immediate

(D) Simultaneous

Q. 7. Which word in the passage means 'rose in protest'?

(A) Revoke

(B) Revolt

(C) Refuse

(D) Fall off

Q. 8. The sacrifices were offered to gods by man because :

(A) most of the world was unknown to him.

(B) he was afraid of wild animals.

(C) he was afraid of the clouds and the winds.

(D) they controlled the clouds and the winds.

Q. 9. When some Portuguese explorers began to sail northward, their seamen revolted and refused to go further.

(A) True

(B) False

(C) Partially true

(D) Can't say

Q.10.Northern side was while southern side was

(A) hot, cold

(B) cold, hot

(C) steaming, freezing

(D) moderate, bearable

Answer key:-

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. D

9. B

10. B

Adjective Clauses with Practice Questions

Clause: It is a group of words that has a subject and tense of its own.

These describe a noun or a pronoun.

For example: The design which I made was liked by everyone.

Adjective clause: Which I made.

Functions of an adjective clause in a sentence:-

• It describes a noun or a pronoun.

• It gives us further information about the noun or pronoun.

• They begin with a 'WH' word or 'that'.

• They are placed close to a noun or a pronoun.

• They answer the question 'which one' or 'what kind of'

Example: The man who is standing in the corner is my uncle.

Clause: who is standing in the corner.

I. Pick out the adjective clauses in the following sentences:-

1. We will support the candidate who has a clean record.

Answer: Who has a clean record.

2. Mr. Singh is the officer whom you have to meet.

Answer: Whom you have to meet.

3. None of the medicines which the doctors gave worked on me.

Answer: Which the doctor gave.

4. There is nothing that is too hard.

Answer: That is too hard.

5. The car whose headlights were not working met with an accident.

Answer: Whose headlights were not working.

6. A child who is loved develops great confidence.

Answer: Who is loved.

7. Have you ever experienced a moment when you felt helpless.

Answer: When you felt helpless.

8. The monkey which was sitting on the tree suddenly attacked him.

Answer: Which was sitting on the tree.

9. All the dishes which were served were homemade.

Answer: Which were served.

10. The students who were taken to the factory returned very impressed 

Answer: Who were taken to see the factory.

11. I have read all the books which were written by Ruskin Bond.

Answer: which were written by Ruskin Bond.

12. The king who was ill decided to step down.

Answer: Who was ill.

13. We were impressed with the youn girl who sang beautifully.

Answer: Whi sang beautifully.

14. We should try to solve the problems which affect us the most.

Answer: Which affect us the most.

15. All students who are taking part in the annual function should assemble in the field.

Answer: Who are taking part in the annual function.

16. We no longer beleive the stories which she tells us.

Answer: Which she tells us.

17. This is the strangest animal that I have ever seen.

Answer: That I have ever seen.

18. Do you know the girl who wears glasses?

Answer: Who wears glasses.

19. The boy who is standing in the corner is my student.

Answer: Who is standing in the corner.

20. The dog that is living with the neighbours is very obedient.

Answer: That is living with the neighbours.

50 Practice questions of Direct and Indirect speech

Before starting I would like to recommend you to check out our other post where we explain (in detail) about direct and indirect with examples, by clicking here: direct and indirect.

TAKE AN ONLINE TEST FOR THIS QUIZ

I. Convert the following questions into indirect speech:-

1. My friend said, " I am coming to your home"

Answer: My friend said that she was coming to my home.

2. The mother said," The baby is sleeping"

Answer: The mother said that the baby is sleeping.

3. My sister said, "I have read this book".

Answer: My sister said that she had read that book.

4. She said to me,"I will bake a cake."

Answer: She told me that she would bake a cake.

5. The waiter said to the customer, "We don't serve non-veg food."

Answer: The waiter told the customer that they didn't serve non-veg food.

6. Mr. Rajan said to his boss, "The peon is on leave today."

Answer: Mr. Rajan informed his boss that the peon was on leave that day.

7. She said to her friend, "This is the pen I have been looking for."

Answer: She told her friend that that was the pen she had been looking for.

8. Her father said, "The taxi driver charged me extra for being late."

Answer: Her father said that the taxi driver had charged him extra for being late.

9. The little boy said, "Granny you have so many grey hair."

Answer: The Little boy remarked to granny that she had so many grey hair.

10. You said to me, "I did not sleep last night and I cannot work well."

Answer: You told me that you had not slept the previous night and you could not work well.

11. My father said, "the Ganges is the longest river in our country."

Answer: My father said that the Ganges is the longest river in our country.

12. The speaker said, "A wise man always corrects his mistake."

Answer: The speaker said that a wise man always corrects his mistake.

13. My sister said to me, "how did you guess the correct answer?"

Answer: my sister asked me  how I had guessed the correct answer.

14. He said to his friend, "do you like my new bike?"

Answer: He asked his friend if he like his new bike.

15. Sneha said to Asha, "are you happy there?"

Answer: Sneha asked Asha if she was happy there.

16. Mr Singh said to Amit," do you have any relatives in the City?"

Answer: Mr Singh asked Amit if he had any relatives in that city.

17. He said to the principal,"did your school participate in the competition?"

Answer: He asked the principal if his school participated in the competition.

18. Amit said to his friend,"will you keep your promise?"

Answer: Amit asked his friend if he would keep his promise.

19. The boy said to his father,"please give me the keys of your car."

Answer: The boy pleaded to his father to give him the key of his car.

20. I said to her," I shall see you tomorrow."

Answer: I told her that I should see her the next day.

21. The teacher said to the students,"today it is clear, but will rain tomorrow."

Answer: The teacher told the students that that day was clear but it would rain the next day.

22. Ram said, "it rained heavily last night."

Answer: Ram said that it had rained heavily the previous night.

23. He said, "eyes are the reflection of mind."

Answer: He said that eyes are the reflection of mind.

24. The doctor said, "it may take you three months to recover."

Answer: The doctor said that it might take me three months to recover.

25. He said, "I rise at 5:00 a.m. daily."

Answer: He said that he rises at 5 a.m. daily.

26. Allen said to James, "I did not lose your book."

Answer: Allen told James that he had not lost his book.

27. I said to Rita let us play a game of chess to pass the time.

Answer: I suggested to Rita that we should play a game of chess to pass the time.

28. Shilpi said, "mother let me join the school trip to Mysore."

Answer: Shilpi requested her mother to allow her to join the school trip to Mysore.

29. He said to his father let me take your car for a few hours.

Answer: He requested his father to allow him to take his car for a few hours.

30. He said, "may God grant peace to the departed soul!"

Answer: He prayed that God might grant peace to the departed soul.

31. She said to her friend, "good morning! how do you do?"

Answer: she wished her friend good morning and asked how she was doing.

32. My mother said to me, "Happy Birthday dear!"

Answer: My mother lovingly wished me happy birthday.

33. The old man said to me, "may you live long my son!"

Answer: The old man lovingly wished me that I might live long.

34. One of the spectators said, "what super goal!"

Answer: One of the spectators explained that what a superb goal it was.

35. I said to my teacher, "I am sorry for this mistake."

Answer: I apologized to my teacher that i was sorry for that mistake.

36. Priya said to Rita, "were you present at the meeting?"

Answer: Priya asked Rita if she was present at the meeting.

37. The doctor said to me, " did you take the medicine regularly?"

Answer: The doctor asked me if I had taken the medicine regularly.

38. She said to me, " let us go and watch a movie tonight."

Answer: She suggested me that we should go and watch a movie that night.

39. He said, "my sister has been crying since morning."

Answer: He said that his sister has been crying since the morning.

40. Ram said to his classmate, "please lend me your book."

Answer: Ram requested his classmate to lend him his book.

41. She said to me, "let's go shopping."

Answer: She suggested me that we should go shopping.

42. Manoj said, "I am reading a mystery novel."

Answer: Manoj said that he was reading a mystery novel.

43. Nitin said, "I think Delhi is colder than Pune."

Answer: Nitin thought that Delhi was colder than Pune.

44. Amisha said, " let me help you with the arrangements."

Answer: Amisha offered to help him with the arrangements.

45. Sandeep asked Ashraf, "what are you doing this evening?"

Answer: Sandeep asked Ashraf what he was doing that evening.

46. Shyama said, "the weather is great and we are having a good time."

Answer: Shyama said that the weather was great and they were having a good time.

47. I asked a shopkeeper, "could you help me find this address?"

Answer: I asked the shopkeeper if he could help me find that address.

48. Lucy said, "I went to meet Jhon yesterday."

Answer: Lucy said that she had gone to meet Jhon the day before."

49. Josh said, "I will get late for school today."

Answer: Josh said that he would get late for school that day.

50. Rebecca said, "that's a good idea."

Answer: Rebecca remarked that that was a good idea.

NOW TAKE AN ONLINE TEST FOR THIS QUIZ

PRACTICE SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT WITH A FOLLOWUP INTERACTIVE QUIZ HERE

Reported speech(direct and indirect speech).

Direct speech: It is the exact words of the speaker and is written within inverted commas.

Example: The teacher said,'I teach English.'

Indirect speech: It is used to report or reuse the words of the speaker.

Example: The teacher said that she taught English.

Things that undergo change:-

1. The tense of the reported speech in the corresponding past tense.

2. Pronouns change according to the subject. They turn into passive pronoun.

3. Things that are close to us are denoted as far away.

Now - Then

This - That

Here - There

Today - That day

Tomorrow - The next day

Yesterday - The previous day

Change of tenses

* The tense of the reported speech changes into past tense when the reporting verb is in the past tense.

Simple present --> simple past 

Present continuous --> past continuous

Present perfect --> past perfect

Present perfect continuous --> past perfect continuous

Simple past -- > past perfect

Past continuous --> past perfect continuous

Past perfect --> past perfect

Past perfect continuous --> past perfect continuous.

Simple future --> simple past

Future continuous --> past continuous (would, should)

Future perfect --> past perfect

Future perfect continuous --> past perfect continuous.

Exceptions to the rule about tense:-

If the reported speech expresses a universal truth, a scientific, mathematical, geographicalor habitual fact than the tense of the reported speech remains same.

Example: The teacher said to the students,"If you expose an iron plate to oxygen, it rusts.

Indirect: The teacher told the students that if they expose an iron plate to oxygen, it rusts.

Change of verb:-

Is, am ,are --> was, were

Did --> had done

Had --> had

Will, shall --> would, should

Can --> could

May --> might

Might --> might

Was --> had

Verbs that can be used as reporting verbs in place of 'said':-

Reply

Remark

Inform

Add

Remind

Explain

Answer

Suggest

Example: The shopkeeper said to Mr Patel," This shirt may not fit you."

Indirect: The shopkeeper suggested Mr. Patel that that shirt might not fit him.

Changing of interrogative sentences:-

Rule 1: The reported verb 'said' changes to asked/ enquired of/ demanded of/ wanted to know.

Rule 2: The question form changes to statement form

Rule 3: If the questions sentence begins with an auxiliary verb in the sentence becomes with 'if'/'weather' form.

Rule 4: when the reported speech begins with a 'WH' question we skip 'that'.

Example: The teacher said to James,"Which question have you not understood?"

Indirect: the teacher asked James which question he had not understood.

Creative sentences beginning with auxiliary verb:-

1. Manager said to Mr Vasu," are you willing to work here?"

Indirect: the manager as Mr Vasu if he was willing to work there.

Change in Imperative (command, order, advise or request) sentences.

•The reported verb changes into commanded, ordered , advised, told, requested, begged or urged.

•Verb of direct speech is changed into first form of the verb.

Sentences that begin with do not change into 'not to' + verb first form.

Sentence:  The clerk said to the manager please allow me to go home early today."

Indirect: The clerk requested to the manager to allow him to go home early that day.

Conversion of imperative sentences beginning with 'let'.

Let sentences making proposal:-

Direct: I said to my friend, "let us take a room in the hotel as it is easy to reach on time."

Indirect: I suggested to my friend that we should take a room in the hotel as that was easy to reach on time.

Let in the sense of allow:-

Direct: the clerk said to the manager," sir let me go home a little early for my mother is unwell.

Indirect: The clerk requested to the manager to allow him to go home a little early for his mother was unwell.

Conversion of exclamatory sentences and wishes (optative sentences):-

• In exclamatory sentences the speech is changed into statement sentences.

• The reporting verb changes into exclaimed with joy and sorrow,  anger etc. to convey the tone of sentence.

• Optative sentences change into Wished, prayed, desired.

• The conjunction 'that' is used.

• The interjections are removed and their sense is conveyed with adverbs.

Example: Mr Jain said, "Hurrah! my son has again won scholar badge."

Indirect: Mr Jain exclaimed with joy that his son had again won the scholar badge.

Click here to get 30+ practice questions on direct and indirect speech.

50+ Practice questions of active and passive voice

Before starting I would like to advise you to check out our post where we explain active and passive voice in detail by clicking here.

Change the following sentences from active to passive:-

1. All the prize winners were given a toffee.

Answer: A toffee was given to all the prize winners.

2. A choreographer arranges dance movements.

Answer: Dance movements are arranged by a choreographer.

3. We keep the restaurant open till midnight.

Answer: The restaurant is kept open till midnight.

4. These books contain a lot of useful information.

Answer: a lot of useful information is contained in these books.

5. Children leave all kinds of things in school.

Answer: all kinds of things are left in the school by children.

6. The river water flooded the village.

Answer: the village was flooded by the river water.

7. My lawyer gave me the details of the case.

Answer: the details of the case were given to me by my lawyer.

8. We will bring out a special edition of the school magazine.

Answer: A special edition of the school magazine will be brought out by us.

9. The government will soon announce a new policy.

Answer: a new policy will be soon announced by the government.

10. A famous person is sponsoring the poor children.

Answer: the poor children are being in sponsored by a famous person.

11. School is adding a video section to our library.

Answer: a video section is being added to our library by the school.

12. The children were enjoying the magic show.

Answer: the magic show was being enjoyed by the children.

13. A dog was guarding the main gate.

Answer: the main gate was being guarded by a dog.

14. A machine has made this bread.

Answer: this bread has been made by a machine.

15. We have requested our teacher to announce the monitor.

Answer: our teacher has been requested to announce the monitor.

16. We must expect All creatures in this world.

Answer: All creatures must be respected in this world.

17. I can speak English.

Answer: English can be spoken by me.

18. He might suffer a loss.

Answer: a loss might be suffered by him.

19. Kindly enter my name in the list.

Answer: you are requested to enter my name in the list.

20. What did you see?

Answer: what was seen by you?

21. How much money do you want?

Answer: how much money is needed by you.

22. Why are you teasing the dog?

Answer: why is the dog being teased by you?

23. Who broke the glass?

Answer: by whom was the glass broken?

24. Do they teach French in your school?

Answer: is French taught in your school?

25. How many friends supported you?

Answer: by how many friends were you supported.

26. Did you see the result of the contest?

Answer: what's the result of the contest seen by you?

27. Will they serve food?

Answer: Will food be served(by them)?

28. When will they announce the result?

Answer: When will the result be announced?

29. Is he still reading the book?

Answer: Is the book still being read by him?

30. Where are you importing the material from?

Answer: where is the material being imported from?

31. Please give me a glass of water.

Answer: you are requested to give me a glass of water.

32. Never speak ill of others.

Answer: you are advised never to speak ill of others.

33. Do not pluck flowers from here.

Answer: you are advised not to pluck flowers from here.

34. Who has designed this robot?

Answer: by whom has this robot been designed?

35. Where had she hidden the document?

Answer: where had the document been hidden by her?

36. Leave the dog alone.

Answer: you are ordered to leave the dog alone.

37. How will they have settled the dispute?

Answer: how will the dispute have been settled by them?

38. Was someone calling your name?

Answer: was your name being called?

39. The flood water submerged the village.

Answer: the village was submerged by flood water.

40. Why was your father not accompanying you?

Answer: why were you not being accompanied by your Father.

41. We will have repaired the car by 2:00 p.m.

Answer: the car will have been repaired by 2:00 p.m.

42. Somebody I had informed the police about the fraud.

Answer: the police had been informed about the fraud.

43. Can we postpone the meeting?

Answer: Can the meeting be postponed by us?

44. Do they regularly inspect the factories?

Answer: are the factories regularly inspected by them?

45. The authorities are giving a facelift to the monument.

Answer: a facelift is being given to the monument by the the authorities.

46. Take your seat 15 minutes before the program.

Answer: you are advised to take your seat 15 minutes before the program.

47. Do not park your car in the no parking zone.

Answer: you are ordered not to park your car in the no parking zone.

48. Had you received the information on time?

Answer: had the information been received on time by you?

49. Will this campaign produce good result?

Answer: will good result be produced by this campaign?

50. I am ordering pizza.

Answer: a pizza is being ordered by me.

51. All his friends laughed at him.

Answer: He was laughed at by all his friends.

52. They made him king.

Answer: He was made King.

53. One should keep one's promises.

Answer: Promises should be kept.

54. Someone has picked my pocket.

Answer: My pocket has been picked.

55. He handed her a cheque.

Answer: A cheque was handed to her/she was handed a cheque.

Active and Passive Voice Easy Explanation with Examples for CBSE Board

Active vs. Passive Voice

Active Voice: In the Active Voice, the verb is directly related to the subject, which is the doer of the action. The focus is on the subject.

Example: She is reading a book.

Passive Voice: In the Passive Voice, the verb is related to the receiver of the action, and the focus is on the action itself. Sometimes the performer of the action (the agent) is not identified, which is known as a 'Short Passive'.

Example: The plants are watered by her every day.

Uses of the Passive Voice

1. When the action is more important than the subject (the doer).

   Active: I made a mistake.

   Passive: A mistake was made.

   (Here, the focus is on the mistake, not on who made it.)

2. When the subject is unknown or obvious.

   Active: Someone left a phone in the hall.

   Passive: A phone was left in the hall.

Rules for Changing Active to Passive Voice

1. The verb must be transitive (a verb that takes an object).
2. The subject and object switch places.
3. The main verb is changed to its third form (past participle). For example, play → played.
4. An appropriate helping verb (e.g., is, am, are, was, been) is added according to the tense.
5. Pronouns change their form (e.g., I becomes me, she becomes her).
6. The preposition 'by' is usually added before the new object (the original subject).

Tense Changes in Active to Passive Voice

Note: There is no passive form for Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous tenses.

Tense	Active Voice Example	Passive Voice Example
Simple Present	I bake a cake.	A cake is baked by me.
Present Continuous	I am baking a cake.	A cake is being baked by me.
Present Perfect	I have baked a cake.	A cake has been baked by me.
Simple Past	The principal introduced the chief guest.	The chief guest was introduced by the principal.
Past Continuous	The principal was introducing the chief guest.	The chief guest was being introduced by the principal.
Past Perfect	The principal had introduced the chief guest.	The chief guest had been introduced by the principal.
Simple Future	The chief minister will inaugurate the new building.	The new building will be inaugurated by the chief minister.
Future Perfect	The chief minister will have inaugurated the new building.	The new building will have been inaugurated by the chief minister.

Sentences with Verbs Followed by Prepositions

The preposition remains attached to the verb in the passive form.

Active: Mr. Singh looks after the firm.

Passive: The firm is looked after by Mr. Singh.

Active: My mother looks after the whole household.

Passive: The whole household is looked after by my mother.

Sentences with Two Objects

Either object can become the subject of the passive sentence.

Active: John sent him a letter.

Passive 1: A letter was sent to him by John.

Passive 2: He was sent a letter by John.

Active: I shall tell you an interesting story.

Passive 1: An interesting story will be told to you by me.

Passive 2: You will be told an interesting story by me.

Sentences Where 'by' is Not Used

Prepositions other than 'by' (such as 'to', 'with', 'in') are used with certain verbs.

Active: She knows you well.

Passive: You are well known to her.

Active: The bottle contains ink.

Passive: Ink is contained in this bottle.

Active: I cannot please her.

Passive: She cannot be pleased with me.

The agent with 'by' is also omitted when the subject is unknown or understood (e.g., someone, the management, the school).

Active: Someone switched off the light.

Passive: The light was switched off.

Active: You must do your duty.

Passive: Your duty must be done.

Sentences with Modals

The structure is: Modal + be + Past Participle.

Active: I can speak English.

Passive: English can be spoken by me.

Active: You must obey your parents.

Passive: Your parents must be obeyed by you.

Note: The modal verb (can, must, should, might, etc.) does not change when converting the sentence to passive voice.

Interrogative (Question) Sentences

1. WH- Questions: Questions starting with 'who', 'what', 'where', etc. 'Who' changes to 'By whom'.

   Active: Who teaches you English?

   Passive: By whom are you taught English?

2. Yes/No Questions: Questions starting with an auxiliary verb (is, do, have, etc.). The passive question also starts with an auxiliary verb.

   Active: Does the shopkeeper sell eggs?

   Passive: Are eggs sold by the shopkeeper?

Imperative (Command/Request/Advice) Sentences

These sentences are often changed using the structure: You are [ordered/requested/advised] to...

Command (Active): Lock all the doors.

Passive: You are ordered to lock all the doors.

Advice (Active): Speak the truth.

Passive: You are advised to speak the truth.

Request (Active): Please help me arrange these books.

Passive: You are requested to help me arrange these books.

In negative imperative sentences, 'do not' changes to 'not to'. For example, "Do not touch it" becomes "You are warned not to touch it."

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MCQs - Class 12 - Flamingo - Chapter 4 - The Rattrap - by Selma Lagerlöf

CBSE Class XII | English Core | Flamingo | Chapter 4

The Rattrap: Interactive MCQ Quiz

By Selma Lagerlöf

Test your understanding of the story with multiple-choice questions and extract-based practice. Each correct answer earns 10 points.

41 Questions 10 Points Each Instant Feedback Optional Sound

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Choose one answer for each question. You can check your answers at the end or review each response as you go. The correct option positions change when the quiz is restarted.

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Part A: General MCQs

Questions 1–9

Part B: Extract-Based MCQs

Read each adapted passage and answer the questions that follow. The passages below are shortened or paraphrased for practice.

Your Results

Study note: These questions are for practice and revision. They are not a prediction of the questions that will appear in the CBSE examination. Read the prescribed NCERT chapter and check your answers against the text.